Appendix 2. Plant Morphology Review

<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>1<br />

<strong>Appendix</strong> <strong>2.</strong> <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong><br />

Name the major plant organs.<br />

What are the continuously actively dividing cell regions of a plant called and where are they located?<br />

What is meant by plant habit and what are the types of plant habit?<br />

What is the function of roots?<br />

What is a shoot?<br />

What is a bud, where do buds typically develop, and what do they develop into?<br />

Define node, internode.<br />

What is stem habit?<br />

What is the difference between monopodial and sympodial?<br />

What is the difference between a bract and a scale?<br />

From what is a phyllode derived?<br />

Name three modifications of leaves found in carnivorous plants.<br />

Draw a typical flower and label all the parts, including collective terms.<br />

Name the two basic types of flower sex.<br />

Name the three basic types of plant sex. What is the corresponding type of flower sex for each?<br />

What is the difference between protandrous and protogynous?<br />

What are the two major types of perianth arrangement?<br />

What is perianth cycly?<br />

What is the difference between dichlamydeous and homochlamydeous?<br />

What is a nectary and what are some types of nectaries?<br />

What is the difference between a gynoecium, carpel, and pistil?<br />

What are the 3 parts of a pistil? What is a locule?<br />

How is carpel number determined?<br />

Name the stalks/axes: pedicel, peduncle, petiole, petiolule, rachis, rachilla.<br />

Name two types of inflorescence position.<br />

What is the difference between determinate and indeterminate inflorescence development?<br />

What is a dichasium?<br />

How does a monochasium differ and what are two major types?<br />

What are the differences between a simple, aggregate, and multiple fruit?<br />

What is the difference between endospermous and exalbuminous?<br />

What is the difference between cycly and merosity? Give an example of each.<br />

What is the difference between coriaceous and indurate? between scarious and succulent? What is the character<br />

for these?<br />

What is the difference between connate and distinct? between adnate & free? between adherent & coherent?<br />

What is the character for these?<br />

What is the difference between position. arrangement. and orientation?<br />

What is the difference between transverse posture and longitudinal posture?<br />

Surface refers to 3 features: configuration, epidermal excrescence, and vestiture. How do they differ?<br />

What is the difference between glabrous, glaucous, and viscid?<br />

What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial? For what character are these character states?<br />

What is the difference between caducous and accrescent? For what character are these character states?

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>2<br />

Root Type<br />

Stem Habit<br />

parasite<br />

fibrous<br />

taproot<br />

prop<br />

haustorial<br />

Stem Types<br />

l.s.<br />

l.s.<br />

bract<br />

flower(s)<br />

leaf<br />

(reduced)<br />

Branching Pattern<br />

Twig Parts<br />

Bud Types / Parts<br />

abortive apical<br />

meristem<br />

petiole<br />

base<br />

lateral branch<br />

abortive<br />

terminal meristem<br />

lateral<br />

bud<br />

lateral<br />

branch

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>3<br />

Leaf Structural Type<br />

Leaf Parts / Leaf Types<br />

petiolule<br />

petiole<br />

Leaf Attachment<br />

petiole<br />

node<br />

sheath<br />

adnation<br />

Leaf Venation

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>4<br />

Shape: Plane<br />

Shape: 3-D<br />

Apex Shape<br />

Base Shape<br />

petiole

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>5<br />

Margin<br />

Posture: Transverse<br />

Division<br />

Position<br />

Position<br />

Posture: Longitudinal<br />

c.s.<br />

Leaf Arrangement<br />

Leaf Position

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>6<br />

Apical Process<br />

Orientation<br />

Configuration<br />

15º<br />

30º<br />

45º<br />

45º<br />

45º<br />

45º<br />

30º<br />

15º<br />

30º<br />

15º<br />

15º<br />

30º<br />

Epidermal Excrescence<br />

Vestiture<br />

Bristle Types<br />

Trichome Types

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>7<br />

Perianth Types<br />

Calyx Fusion (top line)<br />

Corolla Fusion (bottom line)<br />

Symmetry<br />

Cycly<br />

Aestivation<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>8<br />

Stamen Types / Parts<br />

Stamen Arrangement<br />

Stamen Cycly<br />

Stamen Insertion<br />

Stamen Position<br />

Androecial / Stamen Fusion<br />

Anther Dehiscence Types<br />

Anther Attachment<br />

Anther Dehiscence<br />

Direction

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>9<br />

Gynoecial Fusion<br />

septum<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

l.s.<br />

stipe<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

Carpel Number<br />

Ovary Position<br />

Perianth-Androecial Position<br />

Placentation<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

l.s.<br />

l.s.<br />

Style Position

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>10<br />

Inflorescence Types<br />

peduncle<br />

1<br />

o<br />

bracts<br />

(involucre)<br />

2 o bracts<br />

(involucel)<br />

palea<br />

lemma<br />

florets<br />

spathe<br />

glumes<br />

female flower<br />

flowers<br />

l.s.<br />

male flowers<br />

bract<br />

c.s.<br />

thick,<br />

fleshy axis

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<strong>Appendix</strong> 2 <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Morphology</strong> <strong>Review</strong> A<strong>2.</strong>11<br />

Fruit Types<br />

fleshy<br />

mesocarp<br />

hard<br />

endocarp<br />

l.s.<br />

l.s.<br />

seed<br />

l.s.<br />

replum<br />

1. ___________ <strong>2.</strong> ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________<br />

l.s.<br />

c.s.<br />

l.s.<br />

6. __________ 7. ________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. ________<br />

11. _____<br />

pericarp<br />

seed<br />

seed<br />

calyx<br />

mericarps<br />

unit<br />

drupe<br />

l.s.<br />

perianth/androecium scar<br />

fleshy<br />

mesocarp<br />

seed coat<br />

l.s.<br />

1<strong>2.</strong> ___________ 13. ___________ 14. ___________ 15. ___________<br />

hard, thick<br />

pericarp<br />

carpophore<br />

l.s.<br />

coleoptile<br />

hypocotyl<br />

coleorhiza<br />

c.s.<br />

leathery<br />

exocarp<br />

16. ___________ 17. ___________ 18. ___________ 19. ___________<br />

20. ___________<br />

21. __________<br />

2<strong>2.</strong> ___________<br />

23. ___________<br />

24. __________<br />

25. _________<br />

Seed Parts<br />

seed coat<br />

l.s.<br />

hypocotyl<br />

l.s.<br />

26. _________<br />

27. _________<br />

28. __________