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Larkhall Conservation Area Statement 26 March ... - Lambeth Council

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<strong>Larkhall</strong><br />

<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong><br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong><br />

<strong>Statement</strong><br />

<strong>March</strong> 2012


<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2


<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

CONTENTS<br />

PAGE<br />

MAPS 4<br />

INTRODUCTION 6<br />

1. PLANNING FRAMEWORK 7<br />

2. CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 8<br />

Historic Development 8<br />

Spatial Analysis 9<br />

Architecture 13<br />

Building Materials and Details 15<br />

Boundary treatments 19<br />

Refuse storage and Associated Structures 20<br />

Shopfronts and Signage 20<br />

Advertisement Hoardings 21<br />

Listed Buildings 21<br />

Building Contribution 22<br />

Views 22<br />

Public Realm 22<br />

Gardens and Trees 22<br />

Activities and Uses 23<br />

Negative and Neutral Factors 23<br />

Archaeology 23<br />

Capacity for Change 23<br />

Appraisal Conclusion 23<br />

3. GUIDANCE 24<br />

Alterations to Existing Properties 24<br />

New Buildings 28<br />

Shopfronts and Signage 28<br />

Advertisement Hoardings 29<br />

New Uses 29<br />

Plant and Equipment 29<br />

Boundary Treatments 29<br />

Trees and Gardens 32<br />

Sustainability 33<br />

4. MANAGEMENT PROPOSALS 34<br />

Boundary Review 34<br />

Planning Controls 34<br />

Additional Planning Controls 34<br />

Signage and Advertisements 34<br />

Highways and Street Works 35<br />

Trees 35<br />

Enhancement Opportunities 35<br />

Listed Buildings 36<br />

Management Conclusion 36<br />

5. CONTACTS 37<br />

6. SOURCES 38<br />

7. GLOSSARY 39<br />

APPENDIX 1 Positive contribution 43<br />

APPENDIX 2 Neutral contribution 47<br />

APPENDIX 3 Map of local list buildings 48<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

CONSERVATION AREA CONTEXT<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

CONSERVATION AREA BOUNDARY<br />

The maps in this publication are based upon Ordnance Survey material with permission of<br />

Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. © Crown<br />

Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution<br />

or civil proceedings. LB <strong>Lambeth</strong> 100019338 2012.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

The <strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> was designated in June 1981 and subsequently extended<br />

in July 1983. In 2001 the Angell Arms Public House, Binfield Road was added to the <strong>Conservation</strong><br />

<strong>Area</strong> and in 2002 properties fronting Wandsworth Rd were transferred into the<br />

newly designated Wandsworth Road <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> (CA59).<br />

Today the conservation area is an L shaped designation following Lansdowne Way and<br />

<strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane. It is characterised by a historic road pattern and 19 th Century buildings / urban<br />

grain that has survived relatively unscathed in comparison to the wider area which contains<br />

much mid-late 20 th Century redevelopment. Its slow, evolutionary development has<br />

resulted in a pleasant, informal townscape and is worthy of every effort to preserve its special<br />

character and appearance.<br />

Only by understanding what gives a conservation area its special architectural or historic<br />

interest can we ensure that the character and appearance of the area is preserved or enhanced.<br />

This <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> is prepared by the London Borough of <strong>Lambeth</strong><br />

to assist with the management of the <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong>. It identifies the features that give<br />

the area its special character and appearance, provides best-practice advice and contains<br />

management proposals.<br />

The council circulated a draft of this document so that local residents and any other interested<br />

parties could comment on its content. The public consultation ran from <strong>26</strong> October<br />

2009 to 23 November 2009. A consultation event and public meeting was held on Tuesday<br />

17th November at the Stockwell Community Resource Centre, Studley Road. The council<br />

is grateful to those who took the time to respond. All comments received have been given<br />

careful consideration and have informed the content of this final version which was agreed<br />

by the Divisional Director of Planning, Regeneration and Enterprise on <strong>26</strong> <strong>March</strong> 2012.<br />

This <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> is a material consideration when the <strong>Council</strong> determines<br />

planning proposals for the area. It should be used to manage change in a positive manner<br />

and help inform future action by the <strong>Council</strong> and other parties; including informing decisions<br />

on planning applications that may have an impact within or adjoining the conservation area.<br />

It will also assist in the design of proposals affecting existing buildings or new development<br />

as well as care and maintenance of the public realm including streetscape and open space.<br />

<strong>Lambeth</strong> Planning Division<br />

<strong>March</strong> 2012<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

1. PLANNING FRAMEWORK<br />

1.1 Section 69 of the Planning (Listed buildings and <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong>s) Act 1990 (the<br />

Act) requires all local authorities to identify ‘areas of special architectural or historic<br />

interest the character and appearance of which it is desirable to preserve and enhance’<br />

and to designate them accordingly as <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong>s<br />

1.2 <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> designation brings with it additional planning controls over buildings<br />

and structures, controls over the demolition and the protection of trees. Section<br />

72 of the Act places a duty on the council and other decision making to pay special<br />

attention in the exercise of planning functions to the desirability of preserving or enhancing<br />

the character or appearance of <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong>s. This includes exercising<br />

control over development proposals that are outside the <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> but would<br />

affect its setting, or views into or out of the area.<br />

1.3 Planning Policy <strong>Statement</strong> 5 – ‘Planning for the Historic Environment’ is the national<br />

policy document on the protection of the historic environment and its guidance must<br />

be taken into account by Local Planning Authorities when formulating policy or making<br />

planning decisions.<br />

1.4 The Regional Spatial Strategy for the <strong>Lambeth</strong> area is the London Plan: A Spatial Development<br />

Strategy for Greater London. This document sets out an integrated social,<br />

economic and environmental framework for the future development of London over a<br />

time span of the next 15-20 years. It recognises the importance of conservation areas,<br />

listed buildings and World Heritage Sites in contributing to the quality of life of<br />

local communities and to London’s international status as a world class city.<br />

1.5 In <strong>Lambeth</strong> the “Development Plan” comprises the London Plan and the council's Unitary<br />

Development Plan (UDP)/Local Development Framework (LDF). Thus all planning<br />

decisions have to be made in accordance with the London Plan and the adopted<br />

UDP except where material considerations indicate otherwise.<br />

1.6 There are no sites identified within the adopted Unitary Development Plan (saved policies,<br />

2010) or the Local Development Framework which replaces it.<br />

Additional Planning Controls<br />

1.7 If development that does not fall within planning controls is having an adverse impact<br />

on the character or appearance of the conservation area, the council can use additional<br />

planning powers in the form of an Article 4 Direction to better manage change.<br />

T h e r e a r e c u r r e n t l y n o A r t i c l e 4 D i r e c t i o n s i n p l a c e .<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2. CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL<br />

2.1 This appraisal has been undertaken in accordance with the following guidance:<br />

Understanding Place: <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> Designation, Appraisal and Management,<br />

English Heritage, (2011)<br />

Planning Policy <strong>Statement</strong> 5: ‘Planning for the Historic Environment’ (2010)<br />

Historic Development<br />

Early History<br />

2.2 Before the 18 th Century, <strong>Lambeth</strong> north was predominantly marshland below the level<br />

of high tide, and even in the 1920s the area was categorised as a flood plain by the<br />

London County council. Archaeological evidence from the locality is limited but there<br />

is some evidence of undated prehistoric activity taking the form of land boundary<br />

ditches.<br />

2.3 Historically, the area was predominantly rural with scattered farmhouses and small<br />

hamlets; however little evidence exists to show that there was human occupation<br />

within the conservation area until the post medieval period.<br />

2.4 The area that is now occupied by the conservation area lay between the medieval settlement<br />

at South <strong>Lambeth</strong> and the industrial/commercial development at Faux Hall<br />

(Vauxhall) to the north and Clapham to the South. The land formed part of the Manor<br />

of Stockwell - one of the 10 ancient manors of <strong>Lambeth</strong>. It would appear that Stockwell<br />

acquired Manorial status in the late 13 th century when South <strong>Lambeth</strong> Manor<br />

came into the ownership of the Crown in 1293 and was split into two distinct entities -<br />

Vauxhall Manor and Stockwell Manor. There was a close relationship between the<br />

two manors until as late as the early 19 th Century with the courts of Vauxhall Manor<br />

imposing their jurisdiction upon the Lords of Stockwell Manor.<br />

2.5 Lansdowne Way (formerly Priory Road), <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane and Priory Grove appear to<br />

have existed since at least the mid 17 th Century and their triangular street pattern appears<br />

to predate the urban development and thus it is an important vestige of the areas<br />

rural past. The name ‘Lark Hall’ appears to have been a historic name possibly<br />

associated with a house in the locality.<br />

19 th Century Development<br />

2.6 Residential development only began in the area in the 19 th century following the construction<br />

of Vauxhall Bridge in 1816 and the laying out of estate roads to facilitate the<br />

construction of speculative housing. By the 1820s, local main roads were experiencing<br />

new residential development. There appears to have been no formal plan to the<br />

development within what is now the conservation area, unlike the neighbouring Lansdowne<br />

Gardens, and this is reflective in the informal speculative character of the<br />

buildings.<br />

2.7 The absence of a plan and the slow nature of development locally mean that the<br />

buildings within the conservation area reflect the evolution of architectural styles and<br />

house types through the 19 th Century. The late 19 th century saw the completion of the<br />

current development with buildings infilling what had previously been rear gardens i.e.<br />

125-137 Lansdowne Way and the construction of the former Priory Primary and Secondary<br />

Schools which necessitated the demolition of some of the early 19 th Century<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

houses and the acquisition of parts of the rear gardens to properties fronting Lansdowne<br />

Way.<br />

20 th Century Development<br />

2.8 The conservation area appears to have undergone relatively little change during the<br />

20 th Century despite the significant re-development that was undertaken in the wider<br />

area, and which resulted in the clearance of a large area and the redevelopment of<br />

only part of it.<br />

2.9 The undeveloped land became <strong>Larkhall</strong> Park, adjacent to the conservation area which<br />

is worthy of a brief explanation. In 1951 the County of London Plan proposed a new<br />

park of about 27 acres in response to a perceived deficiency of open space locally.<br />

The initial compulsory purchase orders were issued in 1952 and the proposed park<br />

was to be completed in 3 stages ending in 2005. By 1971 13 acres had been cleared<br />

by the time the project was transferred to <strong>Lambeth</strong> council but subsequently no further<br />

land has been acquired. The construction of the park began in 1973 with experimental<br />

co-operation between the local tenants and resident associations. It now serves<br />

an important recreational function as well as being an attractive sylvan boundary to<br />

the conservation area.<br />

Spatial Analysis<br />

2.10 The layout of the conservation area is dictated to a large extent by the street layout<br />

with Lansdowne Way running on a west-east alignment with the two principal streets<br />

<strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane & Priory Grove running on a roughly north-south alignment.<br />

2.11 The conservation area is relatively flat and densely developed. Private gardens provide<br />

the only soft landscaping with the exception of the large playground on the<br />

N ►<br />

The area in the 1870s with the conservation area boundary marked.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

wedge of land between <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane & Priory Grove. It is enclosed by a large and<br />

slightly overbearing chain link fence and the presence of such a large ‘gap’ in the<br />

street scene disrupts the overall urban grain and morphology of the area but its mature<br />

trees enhance its appearance and the play facilities make it an important community<br />

facility.<br />

2.12 The early-mid 19 th century houses are arranged in the typical fashion with modest<br />

front gardens to the road and a larger private garden/yard to the rear. The only deviation<br />

from this pattern is the former School which is set within a large precinct, some of<br />

which is behind the building frontages to the road. The streets of the conservation<br />

area are described below in alphabetical order:<br />

Lansdowne Way<br />

2.13 This street encloses the Northern perimeter of the area and has a row of mature London<br />

Plane trees which provide much needed green relief and an effective setting to<br />

the buildings within this conservation area and the adjoining Lansdowne Gardens<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> (immediately north on the other side of the road). The road has a<br />

busy character as it links Wandsworth Rd to the west with South <strong>Lambeth</strong> Rd to the<br />

east.<br />

2.14 The west end of Lansdowne Way (west from Priory Grove) has a very good mixture of<br />

detached villas and terraces which make for a cohesive townscape which is enhanced<br />

by the former school. Remnants of the original boundary treatments survive in places<br />

- red brick piers and boundary wall remains at No. 87 and stone railing plinths to many<br />

of the properties. These are characterful and pleasant elements within the street,<br />

make a positive contribution to its character and appearance and should be retained<br />

and repaired wherever possible.<br />

The West end of Lansdowne Way has a range of 19th Century house types.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2.15 The east end of the road (linking <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane and Priory Grove) is fronted by a characterful<br />

yellow stock brick wall constructed in a Flemish bond with the remnants of a<br />

painted road sign to the flank of No. 2 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane which provides an interesting historic<br />

element to the streetscape. The large modern structure of Nos. 71-75 continue<br />

the course of the wall at ground floor level although the large entrance gates are an<br />

unwelcoming disruption. An interesting feature in the street is the modest Victorian<br />

shop front incorporated into the flank of No. 1 Priory Grove which makes a positive<br />

contribution to the character of the area.<br />

<strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane<br />

2.16 This road runs southwest from Lansdowne Way to Priory Grove. The presence of<br />

mature trees and soft landscaping here provides much needed greenery to an otherwise<br />

urban context and the street trees help to screen the modern development beyond<br />

the conservation area.<br />

2.17 Whilst there is a mixture of property types and ages in <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane, these are unified<br />

by a relatively small palette of materials, a common building line and an urban grain<br />

which is looser and more spacious than elsewhere in the conservation area. There is<br />

a general height gradient in the street with two storeys at the northern end and three<br />

storeys to the Southern end.<br />

2.18 There are a number of cohesive and unified terraces in the street, which contribute<br />

greatly to the character and appearance of the conservation area. For example, Nos.<br />

2-10 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane is an interesting terrace of late Georgian buildings, with a solid and<br />

uniform roofline. Where rooflines such as this remain, there is not likely to be scope<br />

for roof extensions which would disrupt the uniformity of the terrace. Unfortunately<br />

many buildings have been subject to inappropriate incremental change to windows,<br />

doors and boundaries.<br />

<strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane has a number of attractive groups of 19th Century houses and sympathetic<br />

infill buildings.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2.19 There are two noticeable gaps in the street; the playground with its high chain link<br />

boundary treatment and the plot at No. 94b <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane which has an inappropriate<br />

modern infill structure between the remnants of an older structure.<br />

2.20 The group of buildings at Nos. 62-68 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane are interesting for their fine grain<br />

and unusual side entrances and Nos. 88-94 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane have interesting architectural<br />

detailing in the form of swag detailing above the door and architraves and spiked<br />

finials along the parapet.<br />

Priory Grove<br />

2.21 This road runs parallel to <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane and is on a north-south alignment from Lansdowne<br />

Way. It has a tight urban feel because of the narrowness of the street and as<br />

a result it feels enclosed and intimate. There is a variety of building styles and ages, a<br />

common palette of materials and a common building height of 2 storeys but the properties<br />

to the north are of a grander scale. The houses at its South end have a distinctively<br />

fine urban grain and unusually for the area, have no front gardens, opening directly<br />

onto the pavement. The former Windmill Pub on corner of Priory Mews is a<br />

prominent building and an important survivor from the post-war clearance.<br />

2.22 There is a small mews development to the rear of Nos. 1- 5 Priory Grove, which is<br />

accessed by an entrance to the side of No. 5 Priory Grove. The corrugated roof of the<br />

main building in this development detracts somewhat from the character and appearance<br />

of the conservation area, however there is a good example of a historic stock<br />

brick wall running alongside the entrance to the mews.<br />

2.23 The former school buildings have a character distinct from the rest of the conservation<br />

area due to their height, institutional character and spacious backland setting. This is<br />

reinforced by the survival of original railings and a school keeper’s lodge. No.7 Priory<br />

The school keeper’s house and iron gates and railings to Priory Grove.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Grove is notable for its vivid reddish tinted stucco render which seeks to replicate the<br />

appearance of natural stone.<br />

2.24 The rear of the terraces on Lansdowne Way, with their distinctive butterfly roof profiles<br />

which can clearly be seen from Priory Grove, contribute significantly to the character<br />

and appearance of the conservation area and should be retained.<br />

Architecture<br />

2.25 The facades of the earliest houses tend to have Neo-classical detailing derived from<br />

ancient Greece – columned porches, pilasters, moulded cornices, architraves and<br />

sliding sash windows with margin lights. The later Victorian buildings have more varied<br />

sources of inspiration ranging from Italianate and Gothic to Queen Anne and vernacular<br />

inspired public buildings. The 20 th Century buildings within the conservation<br />

area generally complement the scale, design and form of their context although there<br />

are less successful examples which exhibit crude design and detailing when compared<br />

to their historic neighbours.<br />

Neo-Classical (early to mid-19 th century)<br />

2.<strong>26</strong> This style is typically found on detached or semi-detached villas or short terraces constructed<br />

of stock brick and sometimes exhibiting stuccoed facades. The low scale<br />

and layout gives a suburban character. The detailing tends to have a Grecian character<br />

with typical features including doorcases and porches with Tuscan pilasters and<br />

entablatures as well as string courses, impost blocks and parapet cornice. Moulded<br />

panel doors often reflect the same style and are complemented with fan lights or transom<br />

lights and Georgian paned sash windows. Many houses of this period have a<br />

semi basement. Generally the detached houses are symmetrical and the semidetached<br />

examples are handed (mirror image).<br />

Well detailed Neo-Classical style houses on <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2.27 Rear elevations tend to be plain and flat. Although small closet returns (off the half<br />

landing of the staircase) are reasonably common. These normally terminate half a<br />

storey below roof level.<br />

2.28 Examples include: No. 91 Lansdowne Way, No. 101 Lansdowne Way, Nos. 2-8 <strong>Larkhall</strong><br />

Lane, Nos. 76-78 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane, No. 1 Priory Grove, Nos. 5 & 7 Priory Grove and<br />

Nos. 63 & 65 Priory Grove.<br />

Italianate (mid 19 th century)<br />

2.29 Italianate style houses tend to be 2 or 3 storeys high and set in terraces, more urban<br />

in form and with more elaborate stucco detailing such as window architraves and dentilled<br />

eaves cornices; canted bay windows are also a feature. This style is effectively<br />

an evolution Neo-Classical / Grecian style. The most notable example of this style is<br />

the Priory Arms Pub, Lansdowne Way.<br />

Gothic Revival (mid-late 19 th Century)<br />

2.30 Generally in stock brick with red brick dressings (creating colour contrasting decoration)<br />

the architectural compositions are more informal and do not adhere to the Classical<br />

rules of proportion and scale. Features such as pitched roofs, 2/2 panes sash windows<br />

and bay windows. Gothic style ironwork is common. By this period purposebuilt<br />

rear returns are common and semi-basements are not. Examples from this period<br />

include Nos. 67-71 Priory Grove.<br />

Queen Anne (c1900)<br />

2.31 Architecture associated with the Queen Anne style can generally be defined as being<br />

informal, irregular and asymmetric. It is based on some Classical principles, but with a<br />

mix of Dutch, Flemish, Robert Adam and Wren. The former board school complex and<br />

its caretaker’s cottage is the notable example in the area. Constructed of yellow stock<br />

brick with red brick dressings the buildings incorporate some very loose Classical de-<br />

Gothic Revival style terraced houses on Lansdowne Way<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

tailing in an otherwise informal composition. Dutch gables, dormers and large, welldetailed<br />

chimneys create an interesting and varied roofscape.<br />

Pastiche - reproductions of earlier styles (mid 20 th Century to date)<br />

2.32 Infill development within the conservation area has generally successfully replicated<br />

or reinterpreted the character of their older neighbouring buildings whether this is<br />

Neo-Classical (see Nos. 70-72 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane) or the more informal Arts & Crafts style<br />

(Nos. 2a-6a Priory Grove). Other examples have been less successful, for example<br />

No. 3 Priory Grove.<br />

Building Materials & Details<br />

2.33 The vast majority of buildings within or adjoining the conservation area are constructed<br />

of traditional materials:-<br />

Walls<br />

2.34 Yellow stock brick predominates in the later 19 th Century architecture of the area, although<br />

there are a few buildings in red brick and a small number retain a render finish.<br />

Some brick elevations have been cleaned and others have been painted, rendered or<br />

clad in inappropriate modern renders, this has a jarring effect changing the appearance<br />

of the property in relation to its neighbours. Most of the brickwork pointing appears<br />

recessed and a natural sandy coloured which is the traditional finish however;<br />

there are some instances of inappropriate cement pointing of crude modern appearance,<br />

which harms the appearance of the brickwork.<br />

2.35 The early-mid 19 th Century buildings often have stucco render decoration which is<br />

very well executed and an important element of the building. Unfortunately this has<br />

been lost or inappropriately changed in places to ill effect. Some houses are com-<br />

Unsympathetic painting of brickwork, and other alterations, have had a harmful effect.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

pletely rendered but generally it is often only applied to the ground floor of the front<br />

elevation to give the impression of a classical plinth. It can be plain, incised or rusticated<br />

to resemble blocks of stone. Stucco render was used as a cheaper substitute<br />

for stone and was originally self-tinted to look like sandstone but today it is mostly<br />

painted white, which looks cold and heightens the contrast against the stock brick<br />

walls. However, No. 7 Priory Grove retains the historically accurate sandstone colour<br />

to its stucco render- giving a deep rich finish.<br />

2.36 The late 19 th Century properties often utilise red brick for architectural detailing such<br />

as window heads, doorcases and eaves cornices with fine rubbed red brick used in<br />

the Queen Anne style buildings.<br />

Windows<br />

2.37 Traditional timber sliding sash windows are the predominant fenestration type; these<br />

are all finished in paint with single glazing held in place by putty in the traditional manner.<br />

Stone cills are common and a number of houses have stucco architraves. The<br />

glazing patterns vary depending on the style of the house and its age. For example<br />

the earliest buildings typically have 6/6 sashes with fine glazing bars but without horns<br />

whilst the later houses have 2/2 panes with vertical glazing bars and horns. There are<br />

also examples of segmented semi-circular windows, traditional top and side hung<br />

casements and 6/1 sashes.<br />

2.38 A number of buildings have modern window units which lack the fine detailing of the<br />

originals and often have a blank appearance. They therefore detract from the appearance<br />

of the host building and have an adverse impact on the character appearance of<br />

the conservation area.<br />

2.39 A few mid-late 19 th century buildings incorporate smart canted bay windows that are<br />

typical of the period but they are generally not a feature of the earlier or later houses<br />

Timber sliding sash windows with slender frames and a painted finish are characteristic.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

in the area. The canted bays at Nos. 88 - 94 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane are of particular note because<br />

they exhibit unusual Adam style decoration instead of the Gothic decorations<br />

that were much more common for the period.<br />

Doors<br />

2.40 Regardless of the age or style of the property the doors tend to be carefully considered<br />

and decorative reflecting the favoured style at the time of their construction.<br />

There are a variety of front doors; generally they are either 4 or 6 panelled, sometimes<br />

with the upper panels replaced in glass. Plain glass fan lights (semicircular) or transom<br />

lights (rectangular) are common. Many doors have been inappropriately replaced.<br />

This has generally had a detrimental effect on the conservation area.<br />

2.41 One of the defining features of the Neo-Classical and Italianate houses are the carefully<br />

executed doorcases or entrance porches which often exhibit refined Greco-<br />

Roman detailing in stucco. Properties with semi-basements have a short flight of<br />

steps rising to their front doors at upper ground floor level. The steps are now mostly<br />

in plain grey concrete; the majority of the houses having been refurbished in the postwar<br />

period. Originally these would have been in smoothly dressed York stone with<br />

rounded nosings. Some of these flights of steps were never enclosed with handrails.<br />

In places modern handrails have been installed – the least successful examples clutter<br />

the appearance of the properties and introduce inappropriate contemporary detailing.<br />

Roofs<br />

2.42 The roofscape of the conservation area is typical of the period: - hipped, pitched and<br />

London (butterfly) roof types being the most common. There are no historic mansard<br />

roofs. This intact 19 th Century roofscape is an inherent part of the character and appearance<br />

of the conservation area and the informal composition of the existing townscape.<br />

Natural Welsh slate is the predominant material with the occasional use of<br />

Timber panelled doors, fanlights and doorcases are particularly important elements.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

plain clay tiles on the later Queen Anne / Arts & Crafts buildings. Where it has been<br />

used a replacement modern synthetic tiles fail to replicate the appearance and texture<br />

of traditional materials.<br />

2.43 Traditional dormers are generally not a feature within the conservation area due in<br />

part to the nature of the historic roof construction with butterfly roofs and shallow<br />

pitches precluding their construction. They are typically modest structures on the rear<br />

roof slopes; leaving the front slope clean and uncluttered. There are some exceptions<br />

such as those on the former school buildings and on 87 Lansdowne Way which are a<br />

part of the original composition. The modern dormers on the front of 91 Lansdowne<br />

Way are overly large and poorly detailed and detract from the formal and dignified architectural<br />

integrity of the house.<br />

2.44 The majority of traditional rooflights are located to the rear of properties and are small,<br />

in cast iron with a vertical glazing bar. They are not an original feature on front roof<br />

pitches. In places they have been installed on front roof pitches to poor effect, like<br />

dormers they tend to disrupt the simplicity of the historic roof form and the unity of the<br />

group / terrace. The presence, in places, of pop-up vents adds modern, alien visual<br />

clutter to historic roof forms and detracts from the simple historic roofscape of the conservation<br />

area.<br />

2.45 All of the 19 th Century buildings have chimneystacks, which add much interest and<br />

rhythm to the roofscape. They are typically in brickwork to match the house and have<br />

traditional copings and terracotta pots. Roof terraces are not a feature of the conservation<br />

area.<br />

2.46 Historic ‘mansard’ roof extensions are not characteristic of the conservation area; neither<br />

are modern roof extensions. The most noticeable roof extension can be seen at<br />

No. 96 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane where an additional storey has been added in glass. Long views<br />

up and down <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane show that it is at odds with the historic character of the<br />

wider conservation area. Its wider impact has therefore must be considered as negative.<br />

Rainwater goods, pipes and equipment<br />

2.47 Originally the rainwater gutters and down pipes were in cast iron and many original<br />

examples still survive. Some properties have parapet gutters and no down pipes in<br />

the façade giving a neat and uncluttered appearance. Unfortunately some down<br />

pipes have been replaced in plastic which looks crude and flimsy. In some places<br />

new down pipes have long diagonal runs in prominent locations - this adds unwelcome<br />

clutter to the building.<br />

2.48 In some instances boiler flues, extractor vents, satellite dishes and other plant has<br />

been installed on prominent elevations, roofs and chimneys. Such installations cause<br />

unacceptable visual intrusion and have harmed the character and appearance of the<br />

area.<br />

Rear returns and extensions<br />

2.49 The earliest houses were originally flat backed when built but many now have assorted<br />

rear extensions and returns. From the mid 19 th Century rear returns are common.<br />

A great many of the properties have been altered and extended to the rear.<br />

This means that unaltered examples are something of a rarity. Information on the<br />

common historic forms of rear returns in <strong>Lambeth</strong> can be found in the council’s<br />

‘Residential Alterations and Extensions’ Supplementary Planning Guidance document.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Basements<br />

2.50 Basements are not a common feature of the area. Where they do exist they tend to<br />

be a semi-basement (partly above ground) with a narrow passage to front and rear.<br />

Basement areas are typically not enclosed by railings; this gives a clean, uncluttered<br />

appearance. Full basements with deep light wells and large basement areas enclosed<br />

by railings are not characteristic of the conservation area.<br />

Boundary Treatments<br />

2.51 Railings, walls and timber fences enclose the front gardens to varying effect; many<br />

are modern and inappropriate in their height, treatment and detailing. Historically the<br />

vast majority of houses would have had carefully considered front railings or brick<br />

boundary walls or a combination of both. These would run across the entire frontage<br />

of the house, semi-detached houses or short terraces and only at the end boundaries<br />

of the group would they terminate in a brick pier. They were around 1.1 m in height<br />

with solid bars finished in cast iron finials and fitted neatly into a discrete stone plinth.<br />

Heavier stays at intervals along the railings would have provided elegant support and<br />

tend to have grander finials. The garden gates were designed as a seamless continuation<br />

of the railings. Unfortunately few examples survived the Second World War<br />

salvage efforts but in some places the stone plinths and piers can be seen.<br />

2.52 Elsewhere, historic brick boundaries have survived due in part to their robust nature<br />

and construction. The earliest examples are constructed of rendered brick and consist<br />

of c1.5m high piers at either end with a heavy overhanging stone coping with a<br />

low dwarf wall carrying railings or a section of wall between. In places low brick walls<br />

survive between properties delineating property boundaries and often continue on<br />

from a pier. A notable survivor are the gate piers serving the former school buildings<br />

on Priory Grove and Lansdowne Way.<br />

Discordant modern boundary treatments are a particular problem within the area.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2.53 Back yards and rear gardens, where they bound the roads are typically enclosed by<br />

plain yellow stock brick walls with understated painted timber doors or gates; the<br />

brickwork typically matching the main building.<br />

Refuse Stores and Associated Structures<br />

2.54 Most dustbins stand in the front garden which gives an untidy appearance adding visual<br />

clutter; some bins are stored out of sight down the side or to the rear of the houses<br />

which is a much more satisfactory solution. There are few visible refuse stores in<br />

front gardens.<br />

Shopfronts & Signage<br />

2.55 Shopfronts and pub frontages are primarily found on Lansdowne Way although there<br />

are examples on <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane. They are all important as they reflect the historic role<br />

of the local shop and public house. The most notable examples are:<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

Priory Arms P.H., Lansdowne Way Lane - traditional joinery detailing with fine<br />

stucco mouldings (the main doors are unfortunately blocked). Good hand<br />

painted signage.<br />

Former <strong>Larkhall</strong> Tavern, <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane - traditional joinery detailing with fine<br />

stucco mouldings.<br />

The Cabin, 139 Lansdowne Way retains good quality joinery and traditional<br />

shop front detailing in spite of its poor condition.<br />

93 Priory Grove (former pub) has undergone a relatively sensitive conversion to<br />

a residential use whilst retaining the majority of its brick and stucco detailing<br />

together with its historic windows.<br />

Good traditional signage on the Priory Arms Public House.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

2.56 Commercial signage is restricted to the pubs and the two retail premises and takes<br />

the form of traditional fascia signs painted directly onto the fascia with limited external<br />

illumination. Each pub has a traditional hanging sign which is externally illuminated.<br />

2.57 Traditionally the forecourts in front of shops and pubs tend not to have enclosures.<br />

The Priory Arms has its forecourt enclosed by a modern low wall; this is a rather incongruous<br />

feature in terms of the street scene.<br />

Advertisement Hoardings<br />

2.58 Advertisement hoardings are not a feature within this conservation area.<br />

Listed Buildings<br />

Statutory Listed Buildings<br />

2.59 Statutory Listing means that the building is protected by law. This protection extends<br />

to the whole building including its interior. It also extends to any object or structure<br />

fixed to the whole building as well as any freestanding objects or structures, which lie<br />

within the curtilage of the building and which were erected before 1 July 1948. Listed<br />

Building Consent is required for any works that might affect the special interest of the<br />

listed building.<br />

2.60 The following buildings are statutorily listed:<br />

Name/Number Road Grade Date Listed<br />

91 Lansdowne Way II 27.08.1976<br />

101 Lansdowne Way II 27.08.1976<br />

76 & 78 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane II 27.08.1976<br />

5 Priory Grove II 11.06.1990<br />

7 Priory Grove II 17.07.2003<br />

Locally Listed Buildings<br />

2.61 Local listing brings with it no additional planning controls but is a material consideration<br />

when planning applications are being considered. The following buildings are on<br />

the local list: -<br />

Address<br />

Date listed<br />

6 & 8 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane 22.03.2010<br />

10 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane 22.03.2010<br />

12 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane 22.03.2010<br />

88 – 94 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane 22.03.2010<br />

87 Lansdowne Way 22.03.2010<br />

103 Lansdowne Way 22.03.2010<br />

105 & 107 Lansdowne Way 22.03.2010<br />

109 - 117 Lansdowne Way 22.03.2010<br />

119 – 121 Lansdowne Way 22.03.2010<br />

1 – 41 School Flats Priory Grove (former board school) 22.03.2010<br />

8 Priory Grove (school keeper’s house) 22.03.2010<br />

A plan showing these buildings can be found in Appendix 3.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Buildings Contribution<br />

2.62 For the purposes of this assessment the buildings have been categorised according to<br />

their contribution to the character and appearance of the conservation area under:<br />

positive and neutral. Buildings that make a positive contribution are worthy of retention<br />

although some may require restoration or refurbishment. There is a presumption<br />

in favour of their sympathetic retention. The demolition of buildings that make a positive<br />

contribution will be resisted. Buildings making a positive contribution area identified<br />

in Appendix 1 and those making a neutral contribution in Appendix 2. If any omissions<br />

have occurred in this assessment the council will judge such buildings on their<br />

merits against the established criteria.<br />

Views<br />

2.63 There are no designated local or strategic views within or affecting the conservation<br />

area. The area is relatively low scale with 2-3 storey buildings; accordingly the key<br />

views are up and down the streets and include views of the historic roofscape. Views<br />

of the rears of the properties are often gained from public vantage points and provide<br />

an important perspective of the buildings.<br />

2.64 Properties within the adjoining Lansdowne Gardens <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> provide a<br />

pleasant back drop to the conservation area and, being contemporary with the area,<br />

provide continuity to the streetscene.<br />

Public Realm<br />

2.65 The original granite kerbs survive. No York stone paving slabs survive on the pavements.<br />

Whilst a mix of materials is used for street surfaces they form a broadly unobtrusive<br />

streetscape being understated and complimentary to the general character<br />

and appearance of the conservation area. However, areas of poor repairs disrupt this<br />

effect to some extent. Unfortunately the traffic-calming scheme that have been introduced<br />

to the each end of <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane interrupts the historic street pattern and original<br />

layout of the estate whilst adding visual clutter to the streetscape.<br />

Gardens & Trees<br />

2.66 The majority houses have small front gardens and larger rear gardens. Garden paths,<br />

basement areas and forecourts to the earlier properties would originally have been<br />

paved in York stone but are mostly now in concrete although remnants survive such<br />

as those at 119 Lansdowne Way. In some places late Victorian geometric tile paths<br />

survive and are an important element of the historical evolution of the conservation<br />

area.<br />

2.67 Trees provide a very important visual amenity within the conservation area. There are<br />

individual trees located within the front and rear gardens, which are, valued by residents,<br />

often provide important habitats for city wild life and provide a welcome soft<br />

landscaped setting to the conservation area. Important groups of trees include:<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

The recreation ground provides much needed green relief within the heart of the<br />

conservation area.<br />

Trees on <strong>Larkhall</strong> Park and adjoining Priory Grove provide a pleasant sense of<br />

enclosure and setting to the conservation area.<br />

The street trees to the eastern side of <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane, whilst outside the conser<br />

vation area, provide a pleasant setting and help screen the modern develop<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

ment behind.<br />

D<br />

The small group of mature London Plane trees on Lansdowne Way w provide a<br />

pleasant band of soft landscaping within the conservation area.<br />

Activity and Uses<br />

2.68 The predominantly residential nature of the conservation area means that there is<br />

generally a low level of daytime and evening activity. The majority of the traffic is directed<br />

along the periphery roads, leaving the central area relatively quiet and peaceful.<br />

2.69 All of the buildings within the conservation area are in a residential or complementary<br />

use and as a result there are no particularly discordant uses within the area. Some of<br />

the former educational institutions, commercial properties and larger houses have<br />

been converted into flats. Most conversions have been successfully achieved without<br />

harming the integrity of the building or its setting. However, in some cases, an excess<br />

of prominent meter boxes or wheelie bins in front gardens gives an adverse impact.<br />

Negative & Neutral Factors<br />

2.70 In general the buildings within the conservation area and the spaces between them<br />

make a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the conservation area<br />

and are well maintained. However, some neutral and negative factors are worthy of<br />

attention –<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

The gap site between 94 & 96 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane interrupts the rhythm and grain of<br />

the streetscene and is unsightly.<br />

Priory Court is poorly lit and unwelcoming.<br />

The low wall enclosing the front forecourt to the Priory Arms pub adds visual<br />

clutter to the streetscene.<br />

The uncoordinated approach to boundary treatments throughout the conserva<br />

tion area detracts from the buildings and harms its wider character.<br />

Archaeology<br />

2.71 The conservation area is not considered to have any archaeological potential and<br />

there are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments within the boundary.<br />

Capacity for Change<br />

2.72 Given that the overwhelming majority of the buildings within the conservation area are<br />

deemed to make a positive contribution the only scope for development lies with the<br />

sensitive replacement of those buildings that have been deemed to make a negative<br />

contribution. The gaps in the urban fabric around it are now public open space and<br />

thus they present no development sites. The former Windmill Public House on Priory<br />

Grove presents an opportunity to extend the conservation area.<br />

Appraisal Conclusion<br />

2.73 The <strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong>, with its informal groupings of houses is one of the<br />

most characterful examples of early – mid 19 th Century residential development within<br />

<strong>Lambeth</strong>. It is an important little-altered vestige of the form of development that characterised<br />

this part of Stockwell before post war clearance and subsequent redevelopment.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

3 GUIDANCE<br />

3.1 Together with general advice and guidance about conservation area law and policy<br />

that is available in separate documents, this section good practice guidance on works<br />

to properties within the conservation area.<br />

Alterations to Existing Properties<br />

3.2 Details characteristic of the area should be retained and repaired wherever possible. It<br />

is only in this way that the special character and appearance of the area can be retained.<br />

Advice on repairs to historic buildings can be obtained from numerous sources<br />

including ‘A Stitch in Time’ by SPAB / IHBC which can be downloaded free from<br />

www.ihbc.org.uk. If an historic feature is beyond repair it is essential to replicate it accurately<br />

in the new work. Where possible, the original feature can inform the design<br />

detailing. Alternatively, adjoining buildings, old photographs, prints or plans can often<br />

assist. It should be noted that some replacement works might require building control<br />

approval and listed building consent as well as planning permission.<br />

General guidance can also be found in the council’s ‘Residential Alterations and Extensions‘<br />

SPD (2008).<br />

Wall Surfaces<br />

3.3 Previously plain brickwork should not be rendered, painted or clad as such changes<br />

will normally harm the integrity of the building. Ideally consideration should be given<br />

to the removal of paint finishes on brickwork.<br />

3.4 Brickwork repairs should be undertaken with caution – matching Imperial sized brick<br />

of the same colour and texture will be required for most of the older properties. Original<br />

mortar and pointing should be retained wherever possible, where re-pointing is<br />

required old pointing should be cut out by hand as power tools can damage the brickwork.<br />

Mortar mixes should normally be lime based, have a traditional light colour and<br />

a coarse aggregate. The pointing finish should be traditional flush or slightly recessed,<br />

not weather struck. Where only selective re-pointing is required the pointing<br />

should match existing.<br />

Stucco Render Detailing<br />

3.5 This decorative work should be retained and repaired as it is an important feature of<br />

the conservation area. In order to return stucco to its original ‘stone’ appearance the<br />

council encourages the reintroduction of sandstone coloured paint finishes rather than<br />

white paint. (see opposite).<br />

3.6 Special mortar mixes should be used where necessary and fine mouldings and details<br />

should be repaired by specialists. Detailed guidance on repair is contained within<br />

'Practical Building <strong>Conservation</strong>, Volume 3, Mortars, Plasters & Renders' by John &<br />

Nicola Ashurst, English Heritage.<br />

Joinery<br />

3.7 Regular maintenance and repainting prolongs the life of exterior joinery, windows and<br />

doors. Small repairs to address localised rot or other failures can be undertaken by<br />

experienced joiners. Where important features are beyond repair and the replacement<br />

becomes necessary exact replicas of the traditional features should be sought.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Windows<br />

3.8 Changes to the size of window and door openings should be avoided in buildings that<br />

make a positive contribution. If traditional windows are in good condition they should<br />

be retained. If increased insulation is required the use of internal secondary glazing<br />

should be considered. Where replacement windows are deemed necessary exact<br />

replicas should be sought. In the case of timber windows these should be painted<br />

and the glazing should have a putty finish. Double-glazing should only be considered<br />

if it accurately matches the appearance of original windows, their frames, glazing bars<br />

and the reflective qualities of the glass. Stick-on glazing bars should be avoided as<br />

they can, with time, become loose and drop off. Trickle vents and other modern window<br />

detailing should also be avoided. Stick-on lead should be avoided, as it is not a<br />

characteristic of the conservation area.<br />

3.9 Modern windows in metal, unpainted hardwood or uPVC window units should be<br />

avoided as they fail to replicate the traditional construction details and delicate glazing<br />

bars of traditional single glazed windows and can look crude and ungainly – thus<br />

harming the integrity of buildings.<br />

3.10 Most traditional windows are now painted white. Historically, on the early – mid 19 th<br />

Century buildings, dark coloured paints would have been used preferred and their reintroduction<br />

is encouraged – the introduction of muted colour will enhance the historic<br />

buildings and harmonise better with the brickwork. White paint is deemed appropriate<br />

for the late 19 th Century ‘Queen Anne and Arts & Crafts’ buildings.<br />

Doors<br />

3.11 Original external doors should be retained and repaired as they are important features.<br />

Accurate replica doors, reflecting the date, style & status of the building will be<br />

required in most instances. Doorcases, steps and handrails, where original should be<br />

retained. Accurate reinstatement should be sought where these features need to be<br />

Render coloured to resemble stone and dark painted joinery is the traditional treatment.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

replaced. New steps and paths should, ideally, be in sandstone or good quality reconstituted<br />

stone to authentic traditional designs. Handrails require careful consideration<br />

and should be based on traditional examples – vertical posts are normally slender<br />

and sunk into the step or retaining wall and the amount of ironwork is kept to a<br />

minimum to avoid visual intrusion.<br />

Roofs<br />

3.12 The removal of historic roof structures and their replacement with different designs<br />

should be avoided as roofs and chimneys often contribute to the special character of a<br />

building, its group value and the wider character of the area. This is particularly important<br />

on 19 th century buildings where the roofs and chimneys contribute especially<br />

well to the roofscape of the conservation area.<br />

3.13 Small-scale roof repairs can often be accomplished using reclaimed materials. When<br />

considering replacement roof finishes it is advisable to re-use the original covering or<br />

a good match for it. Modern roof coverings, when requiring replacement, should be<br />

replaced with traditional ones. Natural slate and plain clay tile roof pitches are important<br />

to the character of the area. Artificial tiles or concrete slates should be resisted<br />

as they rarely look good and often loose their colour and surface finish within a few<br />

decades. Pop-up roof vents, extractors or soil stacks should be avoided. Flush fittings<br />

in unobtrusive locations provide a better option preferred.<br />

Dormers<br />

3.14 Dormer windows are not features which are visible from the public realm. Therefore<br />

new dormers of an appropriate design and scale may only be considered appropriate<br />

where they are also not visible from the public realm. The rear elevation of buildings<br />

is likely to present the only opportunity for dormers although there are instances<br />

where long views of the rear elevations are visible from the public and dormers would<br />

not be appropriate. Where appropriate, dormers should be designed to match the<br />

Dormers, where appropriate, should be detailed in the traditional manner.<br />

<strong>26</strong>


<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

host building and be detailed in the traditional manner. The good examples of dormers<br />

in the conservation areas tend to be small and gracefully constructed with lead<br />

roof and cheeks; and containing sash windows. Large dormers, those with felt roofs,<br />

bulky construction or other poor modern treatments, including those that break or protrude<br />

above the main roof ridge, should be avoided. Construction detailing for traditional<br />

dormers can be found in English Heritage’s guidance note ‘Dormer Windows’<br />

(EH 1991), a copy of which is held by the council’s <strong>Conservation</strong> & Urban Design<br />

team.<br />

Rooflights<br />

3.15 Rooflights are not, generally, a historic feature of the area. They should be avoided<br />

on prominent roof slopes and where the group value of unaltered roofs is important.<br />

When considered appropriate the roof light should normally be small, of the traditional<br />

cast-iron type, flush finished with a traditional slender frame and a vertical glazing bar.<br />

Large, modern or poorly located roof lights have the potential to cause great harm; the<br />

modern types often sit proud of the roof in an uncomfortable manner. Such rooflights<br />

will be resisted.<br />

Chimneys<br />

3.16 Historic chimneys are important elements in the roofscape and should be retained and<br />

reinstated wherever possible. Where unstable they should be dismantled and carefully<br />

rebuilt to the same design. Demolition of chimney stacks will not be supported.<br />

Extensions<br />

3.17 There is little scope for extensions other than on rear elevations. Front extensions<br />

and side extensions will normally be resisted in order to preserve the integrity of the<br />

host building and its setting.<br />

3.18 Characterful/historic rear elevations and surviving group compositions should be retained.<br />

New rear extensions, where appropriate, should respect the the form of the<br />

host building. Sympathetic materials will also be required. Extensions should not be<br />

so large as to dominate or compete with the host building in visual terms or harm the<br />

spatial character of the area by taking up too much rear garden space. Large flat roofs<br />

will be resisted, as they are not a feature of the area.<br />

3.19 Further guidance can be found in the council’s ‘Residential Alterations and Extensions’<br />

Supplementary Planning Guidance document.<br />

Roof Extensions<br />

3.20 As the roofscape of the conservation area is an important features roof extensions<br />

may not be appropriate if they would result in the loss or inappropriate alteration of<br />

historic roofs or chimneystacks or appear discordant.<br />

3.21 Where roof extensions are deemed acceptable they must respect the host building<br />

and be good neighbours generally. Boxy or alien features will not be deemed appropriate.<br />

On traditional buildings a traditional mansard with carefully detailed dormers<br />

may be the most appropriate solution.<br />

Basement <strong>Area</strong>s<br />

3.22 The enclosure of existing semi-basement areas with boundary treatments should be<br />

avoided as they add visual intrusion. Where enclosure is required the advice of the<br />

council conservation officers should be sought. Similarly the enlargement of deepening<br />

of basement areas or the excavation of garden areas to basement levels is likely<br />

to be at odds with the character and appearance of the area.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

New Buildings<br />

3.23 The council will resist the loss of buildings that make a positive contribution to the<br />

character or appearance of the conservation area. Development in parcels of land<br />

created from rear gardens should be avoided as the gardens contribute to the character<br />

of the area, are an important amenity for residents and often provide wildlife habitats.<br />

3.24 Tall buildings are unlikely to be appropriate as it would be incompatible with the predominantly<br />

low rise and domestic scale of the conservation area. Care should be<br />

taken to ensure that the new buildings in and adjoining the conservation area preserve<br />

or enhance its character or appearance.<br />

3.25 Proposals and their accompanying Design and Access <strong>Statement</strong>s should be explain<br />

how the scheme responds to its historic context:-<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

E<br />

Building Line & Forecourt<br />

Relatively narrow but deep building plots contribute to the rhythm of the streetscape.<br />

Buildings are set back on an established building line.<br />

Massing<br />

Buildings tend to have their largest mass fronting the street with lesser returns to the<br />

rear.<br />

Form<br />

Most of the contributory buildings have their principal entrance at ground floor or upon<br />

a raised upper ground floor. The roof is normally subservient to the façade.<br />

Fenestration<br />

Windows have a vertical emphasis and are typically sliding sashes although there are<br />

examples of side hung casements. Window proportions are appropriate to the style of<br />

the buildings of the surrounding area.<br />

Detailing<br />

The buildings generally have fine detailing, moulding and decorative elements in<br />

stucco or dressed brick which give them a depth of interest. Off the peg details or<br />

pre-cast stone are not adequate substitutes for fine detailing.<br />

Landscaping<br />

3.<strong>26</strong> Enclosed front gardens generally have areas of hard landscaping with shrubs and tree<br />

planting to provide much needed green relief. Rear gardens tend to be larger, more<br />

private and enclosed.<br />

3.27 The council is committed to good new design irrespective of style. However, whether<br />

pastiche or contemporary, new buildings must respect the character and appearance<br />

of the conservation area.<br />

Shopfronts & Signage<br />

3.28 Historic or sympathetic shop fronts should be retained unaltered. Where replacements<br />

are deemed acceptable, they should reflect the high quality detailing of the established<br />

contributory shop fronts in the area. Timber frames will normally be most<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

appropriate, with recessed entrance doors along with well detailed traditional elements<br />

such as stall risers, pilasters, part-glazed doors and slender, timber fascias.<br />

Given the importance of these features the infilling of shopfronts should be avoided<br />

even if the premises are changing use.<br />

3.29 Whilst businesses must be allowed to advertise their goods and services effectively,<br />

new signage and materials should respect the host building and be an enhancement<br />

to the wider conservation area. In the residential core of the conservation area commercial<br />

signage would not be appropriate, as it would be contrary to the established<br />

character of the conservation area. Traditional forms of signage (painted signs applied<br />

to brickwork or brass plaques) will be the most appropriate where required.<br />

Modern forms such as plastic or aluminium should be avoided.<br />

3.30 Further advice on these matters can be found in the council’s ‘Shopfronts and Signage’<br />

SPD (2008).<br />

Advertisement Hoardings<br />

3.31 These are not a feature of the conservation area and will be discouraged.<br />

New Uses<br />

3.32 New uses should be good neighbours and not cause disruption or nuisance to other<br />

residents. In order to ensure that the strong residential character is retained, the loss<br />

of residential uses should be avoided.<br />

3.33 Intensification in use, especially flat conversions of existing houses, must not adversely<br />

affect the appearance of the building or the wider conservation area. Refuse<br />

and recycling provision should be to the side or rear of the house where it will not be<br />

seen. In circumstances where the front garden is the only option for such storage<br />

structures a high quality and unobtrusive design will be sought. A failure to address<br />

these matters adequately may make conversion proposals unacceptable.<br />

Plant and Equipment<br />

3.34 The location and appearance of plant, extractors, meter boxes, gas pipes and other<br />

equipment such as satellite dishes should be carefully considered. Installations that<br />

will be visually obtrusive should be avoided. Where necessary installations should<br />

include good quality screening or painting in muted colours to match the surface it is<br />

fixed to in order to reduce adverse visual impact. Meter boxes should be set into the<br />

ground in unobtrusive locations.<br />

3.35 Rainwater pipes, soil and waste pipes etc. should be in cast iron, take the shortest<br />

possible route and be in discrete locations.<br />

Boundary Treatments<br />

Front Boundaries<br />

3.36 The wide range of boundary treatments and the adverse impact that inappropriate<br />

modern boundaries have on the area has been identified as a problem. It is therefore<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

essential that all new boundaries respond carefully to their context. In uniform groups,<br />

terraces or pairs of houses the boundary treatments should be consistent.<br />

3.37 Where historic boundaries remain these should be retained and should be used to<br />

inform authentic reinstatement. The loss of walls and railings, or any historic remnants<br />

i.e. plinths that contribute to the special character of the area should be<br />

avoided. The council is unlikely to approve the removal of any boundary enclosure<br />

unless a suitable scheme for its replacement has been agreed; open frontages will not<br />

be deemed acceptable.<br />

3.38 Traditional railings are considered the most appropriate treatment for street frontages.<br />

The following basic dimensions are considered appropriate in most instances:<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

E<br />

F<br />

Plinth<br />

Stone / reconstituted stone plinth 150mm x 150mm (chamfered top edges)<br />

Vertical Bars<br />

Solid 25mm diameter (square section) bar to a height of 1000mm from ground.<br />

Spaced at 150mm centres.<br />

Horizontal rail<br />

Solid 50mm x 10mm.<br />

Standard<br />

Solid 32mm diameter (square section) at regular intervals with back stay.<br />

Gate<br />

Traditional type - a continuation of the railings, pivoting from ground and aligned<br />

with front door.<br />

Piers<br />

Only at either end of a terrace or pair of houses. Stock brick 480mm x 480 mm<br />

x 1500mm with stone coping. They should not frame gates or separate proper<br />

ties in terraces.<br />

3.39 Finial designs should reflect the date and status of the host building / group. The following<br />

finial designs are considered appropriate for each architectural period are:<br />

Neo Classical<br />

A Finial - Lotus (155mm tall by x 110mm wide)<br />

Standard Finial - Urn (220mm high x 90mm wide)<br />

Italianate<br />

B Finial - Barbed Spear (210mm high x 90mm wide)<br />

Standard Finial - Foliated Spike (250mm x 70mm wide)<br />

Gothic Revival<br />

C Finial - Fleur De Lis (210mm high x 110mm wide)<br />

Standard Finial - Foliated Spike (250mm x 70mm wide)<br />

3.40 All construction detailing should be traditional and authentic. Hollow-section bars or<br />

posts, welded detailing and modern latches / hinges will be resisted. New railings will<br />

be expected to fit unobtrusively into existing piers or brickwork without obtrusive<br />

brackets or bolts. Brick or rendered plinths should be avoided where possible.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

© English Heritage<br />

Traditional railings rise from a plinth and incorporate a gate that pivots from the ground.<br />

The ‘standards’ are the heavier vertical with the larger finial.<br />

Neo—Classical detailing<br />

Left—lotus finial<br />

Right—Urn finial (for the standard)<br />

Italianate detailing<br />

Left—barbed spear<br />

Right—Foliated spike (for the standard)<br />

Gothic Revival detailing<br />

Left—Fleur De Lis<br />

Right— Foliated spike (for the standard)<br />

NB—images not to scale.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Boundaries between front gardens<br />

3.41 Front boundary railings were not used traditionally between front gardens. Instead<br />

more light weight ‘estate’ railings or simple railings without finials, were used. Simple<br />

estate rails are considered most appropriate between front gardens. Their top rails<br />

should ideally not exceed 1m in height.<br />

Rear Boundaries<br />

3.42 Stock brick walls (approximately 2m high) are the traditional method of delineating<br />

property boundaries at the rear. These are preferable to high railings, fences topped<br />

with barbed wire or decorative elements. Close boarded timber fences are also considered<br />

between rear gardens. They should be avoided elsewhere.<br />

Trees & Gardens<br />

3.43 <strong>Conservation</strong> area designation gives the council special powers to protect important<br />

trees. Anyone proposing to do works to trees with a stem diameter of 75mm+ measured<br />

at 1.5 from ground must give written notice of their proposal to the council. The<br />

works should not proceed until the council has given its consent, or six weeks have<br />

expired. Where trees are already protected by a Tree Preservation Order, the council's<br />

consent will still be required for works. The council will seek the retention of all<br />

trees that contribute to the character and appearance of the area.<br />

3.44 Soft landscaping to gardens is very important to the character of the conservation<br />

area – its retention and reintroduction should be a priority. Bushy shrubs and hedges<br />

around the perimeter of front gardens are encouraged.<br />

3.45 York stone should be considered for garden paving; gravel, unless bound into a tarmac<br />

surface, tends to drift and look untidy; brick paving and cobbles look fussy.<br />

Simple ‘estate railings’ are the historic boundary treatment between front gardens.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Sustainability<br />

3.46 <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> designation seeks to retain existing buildings and the design features<br />

that give them their character. All existing buildings have ‘embodied energy’ -<br />

the energy that was used to create them; keeping buildings in good repair is the best<br />

way to ensure that no energy is wasted. If a building is neglected and features have<br />

to the replaced embodied energy is lost when they are removed and dumped and<br />

more energy is used in providing a replacement. It is therefore advisable to keep on<br />

top of repairs and, where necessary, re-use materials during building works, buy reclaimed<br />

recycled materials and recycle site waste.<br />

Reduce Consumption<br />

3.47 Consumption can be greatly reduced in residential properties by undertaking ‘passive’<br />

adaptations; the principles are also transferable to other premises:<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

E<br />

F<br />

Insulate walls, roofs and attics.<br />

Install an efficient condensing boiler<br />

Insulate pipes and hot water cylinder<br />

Use energy efficient appliances and light bulbs.<br />

Draught proof windows and install internal secondary glazing – this can reduce<br />

heat loss, noise and condensation.<br />

Close internal shutters at night to reduce heat loss. Use heavy, thermally lined<br />

curtains in winter.<br />

Renewable Energy<br />

3.48 The generation of energy from renewable sources is another way to achieve greater<br />

sustainability. Solar thermal systems and Solar PV systems normally require a rooftop<br />

installation or replacing the roof cover with special panels or tiles. Wind turbines<br />

may vary in size and power; they are not always the best renewable energy option in<br />

urban areas.<br />

3.49 Roof top panels and turbines should be carefully considered within the conservation<br />

area to ensure that no harm is caused to the special character or appearance of the<br />

area; visually prominent locations should be avoided. Installations of this nature<br />

should really only be considered once energy consumption has been addressed<br />

through the other measures listed above in paragraph 3.47.<br />

3.50 For more information see ‘Climate Change and Your Home’ by English Heritage.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

4 MANAGEMENT PROPOSALS<br />

4.1 This section defines how the council feels the area should be manages and has been<br />

prepared in line with national good practice set out in ‘Understanding Place: <strong>Conservation</strong><br />

<strong>Area</strong> Designation, Appraisal and Management, English Heritage, (2011).<br />

Boundary Review<br />

4.2 The council will review the conservation area boundary from time to time.<br />

Planning Controls<br />

4.3 For advice on the need for planning or other approvals please consult the council’s<br />

web page or write to the Planning Division explaining your proposal in detail.<br />

4.4 In determining planning applications the council will seek to preserve those elements<br />

that contribute to the character or appearance of the area. It will also seek to enhance<br />

the conservation area through the sympathetic replacement of those elements that do<br />

not at present contribute to its character or appearance.<br />

4.5 The <strong>Council</strong> will take enforcement action against unauthorised works where it is considered<br />

expedient.<br />

Additional Planning Controls<br />

4.6 Whilst most alterations to flats and other premises require planning permission some<br />

works to single dwelling houses within the conservation area do not require the <strong>Council</strong>’s<br />

approval. Where it is considered that these uncontrolled alterations are harming<br />

the character or appearance of the area the council can remove these rights by using<br />

Article 4 Directions. The council proposes to use an Article 4 Direction to control the<br />

following:<br />

A<br />

B<br />

Boundary treatments to the street frontages<br />

The current discordant boundary treatments harm the character and<br />

appearance of the area.<br />

Alterations to facades<br />

Inappropriate window and door replacements have harmed the integrity of a<br />

number of buildings and thus the character and appearance of the conservation<br />

area has been compromised.<br />

Signage and Advertisements<br />

4.7 Existing advertisements, which in the council's opinions, detract from the character or<br />

appearance of the area, will be resisted and may be made subject to discontinuance<br />

action where necessary. Illuminated advertising will be discouraged on residential<br />

buildings or other sensitive locations.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Highways and Street Works<br />

4.8 Highways works within the conservation area should reflect national good practice<br />

guidance set out in Department of Transport’s 1996 document ‘Traffic Management in<br />

Historic <strong>Area</strong>s’ 1/96. Its broad principles are: -<br />

Develop an understanding of the special qualities of the place and depart as little as<br />

possible from the traditional form of streets and their materials;<br />

Respect existing or established traditional materials and detailing;<br />

Review existing signing and consider scope for rationalization<br />

Anticipate and minimize new signing requirements at the earliest design state<br />

Limit formal designs to formal spaces;<br />

Provide for maintenance and invest in quality.<br />

4.9 'Streets for All, A Guide to the Management of London's Streets' by English Heritage<br />

and Government Office for London provides detailed good practice guidance on street<br />

works in historic places.<br />

Trees<br />

4.10 The council is committed to the maintenance of all trees of value within the conservation<br />

area and will encourage ongoing management to ensure their health and longevity.<br />

The council will take action against unauthorised works to protected trees where<br />

they are considered to have high amenity value and contribute positively to the character<br />

of the area.<br />

Enhancement Opportunities<br />

4.11 Proposals that would lead to the enhancement or redevelopment of buildings and<br />

sites that make a neutral or negative contribution area encouraged. The following opportunities<br />

exist to–<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

Boundaries<br />

Reinstatement of historically accurate railings to front boundaries where no such<br />

boundary or an inappropriate boundary treatment exists.<br />

94 & 96 <strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane<br />

Encourage a sensitive redevelopment of the building incorporating the remnants of<br />

the original shop unit pilasters.<br />

Priory Arms Pub, Lansdowne Way<br />

Forecourt – Encourage the removal of the insensitive low brick walls enclosing the<br />

forecourt.<br />

Restoration<br />

Removal of insensitive alterations and reinstatement of authentic windows, doors,<br />

stucco detailing etc. on those properties that have been unsympathetically altered.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Listed Buildings<br />

Statutory List<br />

4.12 English Heritage and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport are responsible for<br />

the statutory list. Proposals for the addition of buildings to the statutory list should be<br />

sent to the Heritage Protection team at English Heritage.<br />

Local List<br />

4.13 The council will review the local list from time to time.<br />

Management Conclusion<br />

4.14 The council is committed to preserving or enhancing the character and appearance of<br />

the conservation area through the use of its planning powers. However, these alone<br />

are not enough; the successful management of the <strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> also<br />

rests with a wide variety of stakeholders: - property owners, building managers, local<br />

residents, and businesses. Everyone has a role to play.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

5. CONTACTS<br />

LAMBETH PLANNING<br />

If you have a conservation area question require planning / listed building advice, the <strong>Council</strong><br />

will be happy to advise. Please contact:<br />

<strong>Lambeth</strong> Planning Regeneration and Enterprise Division<br />

Phoenix House<br />

10 Wandsworth Road<br />

London<br />

SW8 2LL<br />

Telephone 020 79<strong>26</strong>1180<br />

E-mail tpac@lambeth.gov.uk (planning advice)<br />

E-mail planningconservation@lambeth.gov.uk (conservation advice)<br />

Web<br />

www.lambeth.gov.uk<br />

BUILDING CONTROL<br />

To discuss whether your proposal requires Building Regulations Approval please contact:<br />

Building Control<br />

Phoenix House<br />

10 Wandsworth Road<br />

London, SW8 2LL<br />

Telephone 020 79<strong>26</strong> 9000<br />

E-mail BuildingControl@lambeth.gov.uk<br />

Web<br />

www.lambeth.gov.uk<br />

VICTORIAN SOCIETY<br />

A national amenity society that promotes the retention and appreciation of Victorian architecture.<br />

Members enjoy events and lectures on various topics relating to the period. It produces<br />

guidance notes and books to help those who wish to research or maintain their Victorian<br />

properties.<br />

The Victorian Society<br />

1 Priory Gardens<br />

London, W4 1TT<br />

Telephone 01462 896 688<br />

E-mail admin@victoriansociety.org.uk<br />

Web<br />

www.victoriansociety.org.uk<br />

ENGLISH HERITAGE<br />

The Government’s advisor on the historic environment. It produces guidance on historic<br />

environment matters including sustainability and historic buildings.<br />

1 Waterhouse Square<br />

138-142 Holborn<br />

London<br />

EC1N 2ST<br />

Telephone 020 7973 3000<br />

Web<br />

www.english-heritage.org.uk<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

6. SOURCES<br />

Draper, M. P. G. (1979). <strong>Lambeth</strong> Open Spaces. An Historical Account. London: London<br />

Borough of <strong>Lambeth</strong><br />

Pevsner, N and Cherry, B 1983 The Buildings of England. London 2: South London<br />

Survey of London. (1956). Vol. <strong>26</strong> St. Mary <strong>Lambeth</strong>: Part 2.<br />

<strong>Council</strong>.<br />

London: London County<br />

Roque, 1746, Map of London<br />

Parish of <strong>Lambeth</strong>: Ecclesiastical Districts, 1824<br />

Plan of Parish of St Mary <strong>Lambeth</strong>, 1824<br />

Ordnance Survey, 1874<br />

Ordnance Survey, 1894-96<br />

Map of the Metropolitan Borough of <strong>Lambeth</strong> showing the parliamentary divisions, wards<br />

and polling districts, 1918<br />

Geological Survey of England & Wales, 1920<br />

Map of the Metropolitan Borough of <strong>Lambeth</strong> showing the parliamentary divisions, wards<br />

and polling districts, 1935<br />

Street Map of Metropolitan Borough of <strong>Lambeth</strong>, 1957.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

7. GLOSSARY<br />

Architrave The lowest of the three main parts of an entablature or the moulded frame surrounding<br />

a door or window<br />

Arts and Crafts A movement from about 1880 to around 1910 inspired by William Morris to<br />

bring back the skill and creativity of the medieval craftsman and revive the simplicity and<br />

honesty in the way buildings and furnishings were made.<br />

Bay A vertical division of the exterior of a building marked by windows, classical orders, buttresses,<br />

etc.<br />

Bay Window A canted (angular), rectangular or curved projecting window.<br />

Bolection A curved moulding covering the junction of a panel and its frame, and projecting<br />

from the face of both parts it covers.<br />

Bottle Balustrade An arrangement of short, bottle-shaped, shafts supporting the coping of<br />

a parapet or the handrail of a staircase.<br />

Canopy A projection or hood over a door, window etc.<br />

Canted Architectural term describing part, or segment, of a façade which is at an angle<br />

other than 90° to another part of the same façade.<br />

Capital The head or crowning feature of a column.<br />

Cast Iron Molten iron is poured into a mould to mass-produce regular and uniform patterns.<br />

Particularly popular in the C19 it allows a high degree of detail to be represented although<br />

the finished product is chunkier and more brittle than wrought iron.<br />

Chimney Stack Masonry or brick-work containing several flues, projecting above the roof<br />

and terminating in chimney pots.<br />

Classical/Classicism An architectural tradition founded on the principles of Greek and Roman<br />

architecture. Particularly influential on English architecture from the late C17 and to a<br />

greater or lesser extent ever since<br />

Console An ornamental bracket with a curved profile and usually of greater height than projection.<br />

Coping A cap or cover on top of a wall, flat, curved, or sloping to throw off water.<br />

Cornice In classical architecture, this is the top projecting section of an entablature. The<br />

feature is commonly used at the top of buildings from the C18 onwards, to finish or crown<br />

the façade.<br />

Cupola A small dome on a circular or polygonal base crowning a roof or turret.<br />

Dentil A small repetitively used tooth-like block forming part of a cornice.<br />

Dormer Window A window projecting from a sloping roof and with a roof of its own. Some<br />

rare examples are recessed to minimise their visual impact. Often used on mansard roofs.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Dressings Stone worked to a finished face, whether smooth, rusticated, or moulded, and<br />

often used on late Victorian or Edwardian brick buildings at corners or around windows.<br />

Eaves The under part of a sloping roof overhanging a wall.<br />

Edwardian The Edwardian period refers to the reign of Kind Edward VII, 1901– 1910, although<br />

it is sometimes extended to include the period up to the start of World War I in 1914.<br />

Entablature The upper part of an order consisting of architrave, frieze, and cornice.<br />

Faïence A type of fired-clay block often used to face buildings in the early C20.<br />

Fanlight A small arched window directly over a door. A typical feature of front doors in<br />

Georgian and Regency buildings, with radiating glazing bars suggesting a fan. Late Victorian<br />

and Edwardian Designs often included decorative panels of coloured-glass leadedlights.<br />

See also ‘transom light’.<br />

Fascia Mostly used to describe the wide board over a shopfront carrying the shop name.<br />

Also refers to the timber board at eaves level to which guttering is fixed.<br />

Finial A vertical detail, sometimes highly ornamental, used on iron railings. Also refers to<br />

the detail commonly found on the gable-end of Victorian and Edwardian buildings.<br />

Fluting Shallow, concave, vertical grooves on the shaft of a column or pilaster.<br />

Frieze A decorative band running between the architrave and cornice.<br />

Gable The upper portion of a wall at the end of a pitched roof. Can have straight sides or be<br />

shaped or crowned with a pediment, known as a Dutch Gable.<br />

Gauged Brick Soft brick moulded, rubbed or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or<br />

ornamental work.<br />

Grille A fretted metal screen, often in shopfronts, to allow for the flow of air.<br />

Hipped Roof A roof with sloped instead of vertical ends.<br />

Horns The short downward projections on sides of sash windows, common in London from<br />

the mid C18, to strengthen the windows as the design evolved to include larger panes of<br />

glass and fewer glazing bars.<br />

Incised Lettering Letters carved in to the face of a material - typically stonework.<br />

Keystone The central stone of an arch, sometimes carved.<br />

Leaded Lights Small panes of glass held in a framework of lead cames, typically found in<br />

Gothic Revival buildings and also popular in Edwardian domestic architecture.<br />

Mansion Block A type of high-density housing used in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.<br />

Exteriors were often red brick with elaborate stone decoration.<br />

Modillion A small bracket or console of which a series is used to support the upper part of<br />

a cornice.<br />

Mullion A vertical post or upright dividing a window or other opening.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Neo Georgian A revival style of formal simplicity introduced around the mid 1890’s to<br />

counter the Vernacular revival and became increasingly popular between the wars.<br />

Niche A small recess in a wall.<br />

Nosing(s) The projecting, usually rounded, edge of steps or stairs<br />

Oriel Window A window projecting from the main wall of a building but that does not reach<br />

the ground and usually supported by corbels or brackets.<br />

Parapet A low wall, typically at roof level where the party wall rises through the roof (party<br />

parapet wall) or in front of a roof to form box gutter.<br />

Pediment A classical architectural element consisting of a triangular or curved section<br />

found above the entablature.<br />

Pilaster A rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall and, in classical architecture,<br />

conforming to one of the orders, and often found forming part of a shopfront.<br />

Queen Anne Refers to both the late C17/early C18 period and a revival style popularised in<br />

the 1870s by Richard Norman Shaw, combining fine brickwork, terracotta panels, stone detailing,<br />

and picturesque massing.<br />

Quoins Dressed stones at the corners of buildings, usually laid so their faces are alternately<br />

large and small.<br />

Rubbed soft bricks cut to shape, rubbed to a smooth finish and laid with very fine joints.<br />

Rustication Masonry cut in large blocks separated from each other by deep joints, often<br />

with heavily worked faces. The effect is often imitated using stucco renders.<br />

Sash Window A window formed with vertically sliding glazed frames.<br />

Soffit The exposed underside of any overhanging part of a building.<br />

Stallriser A key element in a traditional shopfront, usually wood, which protects the lower<br />

part of the shopfront and encloses the shop window and entrance.<br />

Stock Brick The most commonly used type of building brick found in London.<br />

Its distinctive soft yellow colour and appearance comes from the yellow clay they are made<br />

from, found in Kent. In the London atmosphere they weather down to a greyish black colour.<br />

See also ‘Gault’ brick.<br />

Terracotta Fired but unglazed clay usually yellow or orange/red colour.<br />

Terrace A row of attached houses designed as a unit.<br />

Transom A fixed horizontal piece of timber or stone dividing the upper and lower parts of a<br />

window, or separating a window from the top of a door.<br />

Transom Light A small rectangular window immediately above the transom of a door. See<br />

also ‘fanlight’.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

Victorian The period often defined as the years of Queen Victoria’s reign, 1837-1902,<br />

though the Reform Act of 1832 is often taken as the start of this new cultural era. Architecturally<br />

the period is generally considered to become distinct from Regency design characteristics<br />

circa 1840.<br />

Wrought Iron Predates the existence of cast iron and enjoyed a renaissance during the<br />

revival periods of the late C19. Wrought iron is not as brittle as cast iron and seldom breaks.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

APPENDIX 1 POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION<br />

Positive Contribution<br />

Buildings considered to make a positive contribution are listed below. Buildings on the<br />

statutory list are automatically deemed to make a contribution and are therefore not included<br />

below. Those proposed for inclusion on the local list are marked (*):<br />

Binfield Road<br />

Former Angell Arms Public House. Rendered two storey former public house with corner<br />

porch.<br />

Lansdowne Way<br />

The Priory Arms Pub., No. 83- Three storey Italianate public house. Butterfly roof, stock<br />

brick, dentiled eaves cornice, 2/2 timber sash windows on upper floors, stuccoed window<br />

architraves.<br />

No. 85- Continuation of No. 83, residential three storey with basement, butterfly roof, stock<br />

brick, dentiled eaves cornice, stuccoed ground floor, four panelled moulded front door. 6/6<br />

panelled timber sashes on ground and first floor, decreasing to 3/3 on upper floor.<br />

No. 87- Formerly Gillian Frazer Centre- Imposing three storey stock brick institutional building<br />

with pitched roof and red brick dressings. Unwelcoming boundary treatments to street<br />

elevation.<br />

No. 93- Three storey much altered early-mid nineteenth century property, modern replacement<br />

windows and doors.<br />

Nos. 95-99- Three storey terrace, stock brick with string course, 6/6 timber sash windows<br />

decreasing in size. Moulded architraves with console and circular detail, fanlight over door.<br />

No. 101- Early-mid nineteenth century two storey stock brick with stucco frieze, cornice and<br />

blocking course. Grade II listed.<br />

No. 103- Detached stock brick property with side entrance, symmetrical ordered form with<br />

stuccoed ground floor and 8/8 timber sash windows to street elevation.<br />

Nos. 105-107 – Pair of originally symmetrical stock brick buildings with string course, semi<br />

circular windows set into deep reveals, parapet cornice. No. 107 has a four panelled<br />

moulded door with fanlight. (*)<br />

Nos. 109-111- Pair of symmetrical stock brick buildings with semi circular windows with<br />

deep reveals. Similar form to Nos. 105-107 but additional stuccoed basement storey with<br />

steps leading to front door. Symmetry has been upset by roof addition at No.107. (*)<br />

Nos. 113-115 pair of handed nineteenth century properties with parapet cornice, string<br />

course, stucco basement and architraves.<br />

No. 117- Prominent three and a half storey painted building with shaped parapet and pedimented<br />

architraves to 6/6 timber sashes at ground and first floor.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

No. 119- Three and a half storey, stock brick with shaped parapet reflecting that at No. 117.<br />

Porch with Tuscan pilaster.<br />

No. 121- Three and a half storey, stock brick, stepped parapet and string course.<br />

No. 123- Three and a half storey stock brick with canted bay window at ground floor. Two<br />

bays. Semi circular scribed and keystone architrave window to ‘infill’ section of building. Corinthian<br />

pillar and dentiled cornice detail around windows and doors. Windows have unfortunately<br />

been replaced.<br />

No. 125- -137 (Odds)- Ordered and unified terrace of three and a half storey mid-late nineteenth<br />

century, stock brick with red dressings, pitched slated roof, prominent chimneystacks,<br />

keystone lintels and architraves.<br />

No. 139- Stock brick with red dressings, two and a half storey with nineteenth century timber<br />

shopfront at ground floor.<br />

<strong>Larkhall</strong> Lane<br />

No. 2 - Two storey, two bays, stock brick with parapet cornice, modern roof extension, windows<br />

to flank elevation. Mid 19 th Century.<br />

No. 4- Modest and ordered early-mid 19 th Century two storey, stock brick, 2/2 timber sashes<br />

to ground and first floor.<br />

No. 6 & 8- Handed pair of two storey neo-classical properties, semi-circular timber sash at<br />

first floor, large central pediment, pedimented architraves; pilasters to doors. (*)<br />

No. 10 - Two storey, shaped parapet, pedimented porch, white stucco architraves and string<br />

course. (*)<br />

No. 12 - White stucco early-mid nineteenth century three-bay building of two storeys with<br />

neoclassical elements and pitched roof. Front garden retains good railings and boundary.<br />

(*)<br />

No. 14-24 - Unified terrace of modest and extremely characterful two storey cottages. Stock<br />

brick (although three of the cottages have been rendered), hipped roof wth parapet. Two<br />

over two pane timber sashes, although two of the cottages have had their windows replaced.<br />

St Francis RC Church – plain stock brick slate roofed church dating from 1902, with stone<br />

lintels, corbelled gable and large circular window.<br />

Nos. 42-48 - Unified terrace of two and a half storey buildings with semi circular windows at<br />

upper ground floor. String course Some unfortunate window replacement and pebbledashed<br />

render.<br />

No. 50- Interesting narrow fronted property of two storeys with semi circular windows at<br />

ground floor for coherence with the adjoining terrace, however the building lines do not<br />

match up suggesting an infill.<br />

No. 52-58 Terrace of two and a half storey stock brick with pedimented porch, shaped parapet<br />

and semi-circular windows at ground floor. There is an old sign below the parapet of<br />

No.52, has been painted over but appears to read “Milborrow Bricklayer”.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

No. 60- Detached early-mid nineteenth century stock brick property with three modern windows<br />

on first floor, symmetrical chimney stacks and latterly added porch.<br />

Nos. 62-68- Semi detached, stock brick with side entrances and four 2/2 timber sashes to<br />

street elevation. Centrally positioned chimney.<br />

Nos. 70-72- Modern buildings dating from 1998 make fairly good attempt to replicate earlymid<br />

nineteenth century style in keeping with street.<br />

Nos. 76-78 Early-mid 19 th century pair. Grade II listed.<br />

No. 80- Three storey symmetrical stock brick with three timber sashes to front elevation.<br />

Late 19 th Century.<br />

No. 82 – Mid-late nineteenth century stock brick with red dressings, three storey, dentiled<br />

cornice, hipped gable with finial detail.<br />

Nos. 84-86 Three storey stock brick with string course and prominent central entrance door<br />

with semi circular fanlight. Brick arches around ground floor 6/6 timber sashes.<br />

Nos. 88-94(even)- Unified terrace of two storey stock brick buildings with spiked finials<br />

punctuating flat roof. Moulded cornice with console detail, front bay window, swag detail on<br />

architraves.<br />

Nos. 96 Binfield Arms P.H.- Former Public House, three storeys red brick, modern extension<br />

on rear. Good pub frontage retained at ground floor.<br />

Priory Grove<br />

No. 1- Two storey stock brick with ordered and symmetrical composition, prominent porch<br />

and pedimented architraves at ground floor. Historic shopfront ‘The Cabin’ in side of property<br />

boundary.<br />

8- Caretakers cottage- Vernacular style in stock brick with red brick quoins and dressings.<br />

Steeply pitched roof and prominent chimney stacks.<br />

Former Priory Primary and Secondary Schools- Three storey stock brick building with red<br />

brick and stone dressings, E. R. Robson architect opened 1886. (*)<br />

Nos. 9-21- Terrace composed of symmetrical pairs of two and a half storey buildings with<br />

steps up to door, prominent chimneystacks and stuccoed architraves. One property as unfortunately<br />

had its windows replaced. 13 has been rebuilt (possibly as a result of bomb<br />

damage)- the steps and lower ground appear original. 21 has margin lights and pilasters<br />

around door.<br />

Nos. 63-65 -pair of two storey buildings c. 1840 with stepped parapet, semi-circular windows<br />

at ground floor, string course under first floor windows.<br />

Nos. 67- 71- Group of three mid-late nineteenth century Gothic revival buildings of stock<br />

brick with red dressings, steep hipped gable with finial, canted bay at ground floor and low<br />

lying stock brick boundary wall to front.<br />

Nos. 73-75 -Pair of modest and charming Victorian dwellings, stock brick, canted bay win-<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

dows at ground floor. Red brick dressings and decorative ridge tiles to 73. 75 has been<br />

painted.<br />

No. 77-Unusual painted stock brick two storey property with four symmetrical timber sashes<br />

and prominent parapet. Directly abuts the street .<br />

Nos. 79-81- Modest and charming two storey stock brick properties with small front gardens.<br />

Two storey with timber sliding sashes.<br />

Nos. 83-85- Pair of painted two storey properties with two windows to each floor. Pediment<br />

above door with dentile detailing and ridge tiles. 85 has a side extension.<br />

No. 87- Two storey stock brick property with rendered ground floor. Entrance has been<br />

modified to make a garage and entrance is now at side of front bay. Inappropriate ground<br />

floor window.<br />

Nos. 89-91- Pair of two storey stock brick properties with stucco render at ground floor, architraves<br />

with console detail.<br />

Priory Buildings- Red brick four storeys, stucco scribed at ground floor to resemble stone.<br />

Modern guards to windows.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

APPENDIX 2 NEUTRAL CONTRIBUTION<br />

Buildings that make a neutral contribution neither enhance nor detract from the conservation<br />

area. They are: -<br />

No. 75 Lansdowne Way – modern premises.<br />

No. 3 Priory Grove – much altered building with tiny windows and crude mansard.<br />

Nos. 2a-6a (even) - Modern two storey yellow stock brick buildings blighted by satellite<br />

dishes.<br />

Nos. 1—8 The Studios, Priory Grove — new residential development in former school<br />

grounds.<br />

Nos 1—5 All Saints Close— large building of commercial appearance to rear of No. 91<br />

Lansdowne Way.<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

APPENDIX 3 MAP OF LOCAL LIST BUILDINGS<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

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<strong>Larkhall</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Area</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 2012<br />

02079<strong>26</strong> 1180.<br />

This document was prepared by the<br />

<strong>Lambeth</strong> Planning Division’s<br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> & Urban Design Team<br />

<strong>March</strong> 2012<br />

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