Cell Organelle Structures and their Functions
1. Cytoplasm is the internal "soup" of the bacterial cell that is bounded on the outside by the cell envelope. It is mostly water, but within it are bacterial inclusions.
2. Cell Membrane protects the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
3. Nucleus is located in the very center of the cell. It is the control center of the cell. It is made up of the nucleolus, chromosomes and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
4. Nuclear Envelope surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane and multiple pores. The pores regulate the passage of macromolecules, but permit free passage of small molecules, like water.
5. Nucleolus is located in the very center of the nucleus. It produces ribosomes.
6. Ribosomes are translation of RNA into proteins.
7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for the assembly of many proteins.
8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is the expression of lipids.
9. Golgi Apparatus is the sorting and packaging of proteins.
10. Lysosomes are like a stomach that breaks down large molecules, such as proteins.
11. Vacuoles are the storage of food that is being digested by the cell and the waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
12. Peroxisomes are like a stomach that breaks down things, such as fats and toxins.
13. Centriole are only in animal cells. It is the anchor of the cytoskeleton. It also helps with cell division in animal cells.
14. Mitochondria is found throughout the cytoplasm. It takes in nutrients and breaks them down to create energy for the cell.
15. Chloroplast is only in pant cells. It traps energy from sunlight to produce food for the plant.
16. Cell Wall is located only in plant cells. It surrounds the cell membrane. The cell wall is the main structure of the plant cell.
*All of the cell organelles above are located and labeled in the picture above.
2. Cell Membrane protects the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
3. Nucleus is located in the very center of the cell. It is the control center of the cell. It is made up of the nucleolus, chromosomes and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
4. Nuclear Envelope surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane and multiple pores. The pores regulate the passage of macromolecules, but permit free passage of small molecules, like water.
5. Nucleolus is located in the very center of the nucleus. It produces ribosomes.
6. Ribosomes are translation of RNA into proteins.
7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for the assembly of many proteins.
8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is the expression of lipids.
9. Golgi Apparatus is the sorting and packaging of proteins.
10. Lysosomes are like a stomach that breaks down large molecules, such as proteins.
11. Vacuoles are the storage of food that is being digested by the cell and the waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
12. Peroxisomes are like a stomach that breaks down things, such as fats and toxins.
13. Centriole are only in animal cells. It is the anchor of the cytoskeleton. It also helps with cell division in animal cells.
14. Mitochondria is found throughout the cytoplasm. It takes in nutrients and breaks them down to create energy for the cell.
15. Chloroplast is only in pant cells. It traps energy from sunlight to produce food for the plant.
16. Cell Wall is located only in plant cells. It surrounds the cell membrane. The cell wall is the main structure of the plant cell.
*All of the cell organelles above are located and labeled in the picture above.
17. Cilia are thin, tail-like projections extending approximately 0.1 mm outwards from the cells. cilia are involved in movement. As they constantly beat in a single direction, they can help a cell move around. The following picture to the right is of Cilia.
18. Cytoskeleton is a three-dimensional network of protein fibers that extends throughout the cell. It provides shape and gives mechanical support to the cell. The following picture is of Cytoskeleton.
Citations:
1. Genetic Science Learning Center. "Inside a Cell." Learn.Genetics 24 October 2014 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell/
2. Cell Alive. "Eukaryotic Cell Interactive Animation." http://cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
3. The Biology Project. "Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial." August 2004 http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page3.html
1. Genetic Science Learning Center. "Inside a Cell." Learn.Genetics 24 October 2014 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell/
2. Cell Alive. "Eukaryotic Cell Interactive Animation." http://cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
3. The Biology Project. "Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial." August 2004 http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page3.html