- Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Sociology, Department MemberCOES - Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies, Geografías Del Conflicto, Department Member, and 3 moreadd
- Migration Studies, Race and Racism, Race Studies, Racism, Race, Race and Ethnicity, and 30 moreBelonging and Citizenship, Visual Sociology, Diaspora and transnationalism, Cultural Studies, Social Exclusion, Diaspora Studies, Transnational migration, Transnationalism, Ethnography, Space and Place, Public Space, Urban Studies, Postcolonial Theory, Colonial Discourse, Visual Studies, Urban Sociology, Cultural Sociology, Ethnic Studies, Visual Anthropology, Photography, Material Culture Studies, Material Culture, Forced Migration, Return Migration, Social Inequality, Youth Political Participation, Civic Engagement, Democracy and Citizenship Education, Social and Cultural Anthropology, and Critical Race Theoryedit
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Young Researcher, Mil... moreAssociate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de Chile.
Young Researcher, Millenium Nucleus in Digital Inequalities and Opportunities (NUDOS). Adjunct Researcher, Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (COES).
PhD in Sociology, Department of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London. MSc in Culture and Society, London School of Economics and Political Science.
Sociologist, P. Universidad Católica de Chile.
She was awarded the LASA/Oxfam America Martin Diskin Dissertation Award 2020 for her doctoral thesis. This award is offered at each LASA International Congress to an outstanding junior scholar who embodies Professor Diskin’s commitment to the creative combination of activism and scholarship.edit
While there is growing literature regarding the impact of the gig economy in countries of the Global North, the way it operates in Latin America and the Caribbean remains underexplored. This article describes platform work in Chile,... more
While there is growing literature regarding the impact of the gig economy in countries of the Global North, the way it operates in Latin America and the Caribbean remains underexplored. This article describes platform work in Chile, especially in the context of COVID-19, which has highlighted the essential role of geographically tethered digital platforms in facilitating essential goods and services in times of social distancing and quarantine. While the gig economy has provided employment for those outside traditional labor markets, its supposedly 'collaborative' employment structures obscure the different costs of precarity and informality transferred from platforms to workers (Ravenelle, 2019). Based on 35 interviews with gig workers using the Fairwork framework to evaluate working conditions in the gig economy, this article examines digital labor relations, both on paper and in reality; the conditions and limitations gig workers face daily; and their perceptions regarding such platforms. We discuss the contradictory experiences felt by platform workers, dependent on the platform in some ways, and independent in others. We argue that the inherently contradictory conditions and circumstances of platform work have become even more salient for gig workers in the context of COVID-19: risks increasingly fall on workers as platforms continue to stress their 'choice' to do so. This article reveals that the nature of the linkage between platform and worker is eminently a labor relationship, with clearly established elements of worker dependence.
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Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que tienen los medios de comunicación, en particular la televisión, no solo en las percepciones y representaciones que se configuran sobre migrantes haitianos en espacios públicos y... more
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que tienen los medios de comunicación, en particular la televisión, no solo en las percepciones y representaciones que se configuran sobre migrantes haitianos en espacios públicos y digitales, sino que también en las interacciones interculturales. A partir del análisis de dos casos de coberturas mediáticas de noticias que involucraban a migrantes haitianos, argumentamos que los encuadres presentes en ambos casos han perpetuado el racismo anti-negro y el discurso anti-inmigrante en la población, tanto en espacios públicos como digitales en Chile. A su vez, este estudio revela que la controversia generada por algunos eventos en la opinión pública ha contribuido a que se establezcan nuevas medidas y cambios en los encuadres de noticias, que esperamos sigan avanzando en comunicar desde un enfoque de derechos humanos y así se alejen de la reproducción de representaciones racializadas de migrantes haitianos en Chile.
Research Interests: Media Studies, Race and Racism, Representations, Chile, Migration Studies, and 12 moreTelevision, Global South, Racismo, Racismo y discriminación, Representaciones Sociales, Urban Space, Migración, Medios De Comunicacion Y Opinion Publica, Anti-Blackness, Digital Spaces, Encuadres Noticiosos, and Haitian migration
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social interactions and coexistence around the globe in dimensions that go far beyond health issues. In the case of the Global South, the pandemic has developed along with growing South-South migratory... more
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social interactions and coexistence around the globe in dimensions that go far beyond health issues. In the case of the Global South, the pandemic has developed along with growing South-South migratory movements, becoming another key factor that might reinforce social conflict in increasingly multicultural areas as migrants have historically served as “scapegoats” for unexpected crises as a way to control and manage diversity. Chile is one of the main destination countries for migrants from the Latin American and Caribbean region, and COVID-19 outbreaks in migrant housing have intensified discrimination. In such a context, there is a need for understanding how the pandemic has potentially changed the way non-migrants perceive and interact with migrant neighbors. Drawing on the national social cohesion panel survey study ELSOC (2016–2021, N = 2,927), the aim is to analyze the changes in non-migrants' attitudes toward migrants—related to dimensions of social cohesion—over the last years and their relation with individual status and territorial factors. We argue that social cohesion in increasingly multicultural societies is partially threatened in times of crisis. The results indicate that after the pandemic, convivial attitudes toward Latin American migrants decreased. Chileans started perceiving them more negatively, particularly those respondents with lower educational levels and who live in increasingly multicultural neighborhoods with higher rates of migrant residents.
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En el contexto de la creciente migración Sur-Sur a Chile, este artículo examina cómo los/as chilenos/as redefinen y reivindican la blanquitud en un barrio de clase trabajadora multicultural de Santiago. Contribuye a los estudios raciales... more
En el contexto de la creciente migración Sur-Sur a Chile, este artículo examina cómo los/as chilenos/as redefinen y reivindican la blanquitud en un barrio de clase trabajadora multicultural de Santiago. Contribuye a los estudios raciales regionales analizando cómo se construye la blanquitud en barrios multiculturales donde convergen distintas identidades nacionales y racializadas que comparten un pasado colonial, y donde el estado-nación ha perseguido históricamente un blanqueamiento progresivo mediante políticas estatales racistas. Basándome en un trabajo de campo etnográfico, revelo cómo los/as chilenos/as construyen una identidad racial blanca frente a la presencia de personas migrantes latinoamericanasy caribeñas a través de sus interacciones cotidianas. Como sucede en otros lugares, en el Chile contemporáneo la blanquitud es una construcción social cotidiana que no sólo se transmite como un discurso, sino también a través de la práctica o la performance del poder en las texturas sociales de la vida urbana. Construir y performar la blanquitud se convierte en una forma de materializar las jerarquías raciales de pertenencia para lograr un estatus superior en una sociedad racializada y desigual. Este estudio revela cómo los chilenos afirman ser “blancos” o “más blancos” en contraste con las personas migrantes de América Latina y el Caribe con las que interactúan, reproduciendo el discurso chileno hegemónico sobre la identidad nacional a través de múltiples prácticas en la vida cotidiana. El argumento principal de este artículo es que construir o performar blanquitud, a través de estas prácticas cotidianas, reproduce el racismo antiindígena y antinegro.
Research Interests: Race and Racism, Migration, Race and Ethnicity, Nationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies, and 12 moreNational Identity, International Migration, Everyday Racism, Whiteness, Latinoamerica, Decolonialidad, Ethnicity and National Identity, Anti-Blackness, Belonging and Citizenship, Blanquitud, Anti-Indigenous Racism, and estudios de blanquitud
Notions of 'race' and disease are deeply imbricated across the globe. This article explores the historical, complex entanglements between 'race', disease, and dirtiness in the multicultural Chilean context of COVID-19. We conducted a... more
Notions of 'race' and disease are deeply imbricated across the globe. This article explores the historical, complex entanglements between 'race', disease, and dirtiness in the multicultural Chilean context of COVID-19. We conducted a quantitative content analysis and a discourse analysis of online readers' comments (n=1,233) in a digital news platform surrounding a controversial news event to examine Chileans' cultural representations of Haitian migrants and explore online racism and anti-immigrant discourse. Drawing on a decolonial approach, we argue that the COVID-19 as a crisis has been fabricated at the expense of a constructed 'other'. We show how colonial racist logics not only endure in digital spaces, but are viralized in new ways by representing Haitian migrants as "filthy" and "disease carriers." We identified two contemporary forms of racism, online cultural racism and online aggressive racism, through which people construct imaginaries of racial superiority in digital spaces.
Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Media Studies, Digital Media, Race and Racism, Migration, and 15 moreRace and Ethnicity, International Migration, Racism, Chile, Migration Studies, Contemporary International Migration, Ethnicity, Haitian diaspora, Racismo y discriminación, Newspapers and online journalism, Online Newspapers, Anti-Blackness, Digital Spaces, Online Comments, and Anti Black Racism
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America and the Caribbean. The aim of this article is to explore social coexistence in residential neighborhoods in the context of South-South migration, in order to... more
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America and the Caribbean. The aim of this article is to explore social coexistence in residential neighborhoods in the context of South-South migration, in order to examine the multiple factors at play behind the emerging social conflict between migrants and Chileans. The growing arrival of migrants to Santiago has reinforced racism and the racialization of the urban space through social interactions and practices that take place in residential neighborhoods. Drawing on a larger research project that consisted in a 17-month ethnography between 2015 and 2018 in one of the most multicultural neighborhoods of Santiago, this article contributes to unravel racism and the emerging processes of racialization, considering the role that the politics of housing and the housing market play in the intercultural coexistence and the emergent conflict. I argue that the precarious housing conditions in which migrants are forced to live have an impact on the reproduction of racism and the construction of racial hierarchies of belonging that challenge migrants' "right to the city", especially Afro-descendants, deepening their exclusion.
Research Interests: Race and Racism, Migration, Race and Ethnicity, Urban Studies, Housing, and 15 moreInternational Migration, Housing Policies, Ethnicity & Ethnic Conflicts, Racismo y discriminación, Migrations, Migraciones, Etnografía, Social Conflict, Ethnicity and National Identity, Race/Ethnicity, Sociology of Race and Racism, Sociology of Race, Sociología Urbana, Sociology of Ethnicity and Race, and Sociology of Race Relations
Co-authored with Howson, K.; Ustek-Spilda, F.; Grohmann, R.; Salem, N.; Carelli, R.; Abs, D.; Salvagni, J.; Graham, M,; Balbornoz, M.B.; Chavez, H.; Arriagada, A. (from Fairwork)
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In recent decades, the construction industry has undergone significant changes in labour management working conditions and workforce composition, with a significant increase on the recruitment of migrant workers. The aim of this paper is... more
In recent decades, the construction industry has undergone significant changes in labour management working conditions and workforce composition, with a significant increase on the recruitment of migrant workers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between subcontracting as a management model, the working conditions that prevail within the type of contract commonly used, and the presence of migrants in the construction industry. We argue that these three elements that characterize the construction industry are closely related. Based on a qualitative methodological approach that consisted of interviews conducted in Santiago, Iquique and Antofagasta, as well as participant observations in the construction field in Santiago, this study reveals that the precariousness in the working conditions is related to the increased recruitment of migrant workers, whose vulnerability becomes suitable for such an economic model.
Research Interests: Labor Migration, International Migration, Chile, Migration Studies, Precarity, and 20 moreWork and Labour, Construction Industry, Sociología Del Trabajo, Labour Market, International Labour Migration, Precariedad Laboral, Subcontratación, Migraciones Internacionales, Subcontracting, Migración, Migraciones Internacionales, Integracion Social de inmigrantes, Migration and Human Rights, Mercado Laboral, Precarious Labour, Precarização do Trabalho, Precarious work, Migraciones y mercados laborales, Violación a los derechos laborales, Subcontratación laboral, and Labour market and precarity
It has been twenty years since the migratory pattern in Chile started to change. Meanwhile, many migrants have been constructing multiple trajectories in the country. The way in which these trajectories have been constructed is influenced... more
It has been twenty years since the migratory pattern in Chile started to change. Meanwhile, many migrants have been constructing multiple trajectories in the country. The way in which these trajectories have been constructed is influenced by economic, political and cultural factors that migrants face in both the host society and the society of origin. At the same time, these trajectories show different processes of inclusion in these societies. The aim of this paper is to explore how these processes are experienced and constructed by migrant women in Chile. Based on their life stories, we suggest that the processes of inclusion tend to be marked by a dimension that acquires a greater role and contributes to understand their experiences of migration. Work, family and social networks frame such diverse trajectories, which will be analyzed in this paper.
Research Interests: Cultural Studies, Transnationalism, Migration, Inclusion, Diaspora, and 16 moreInternational Migration, Peru, Chile, Migration Studies, Diaspora Studies, Contemporary International Migration, Diversity & Inclusion, Social Inclusion, Citizenship, Life Stories, Social Inequality, Peruvian Migration, Transnational Studies, Integration, Migraciones Internacionales, and Life Story; Biographic Narrative Research
Curricular guidelines have become progressively relevant for educating future active citizens. In such a context, it becomes crucial to explore the relationship between the curricular guidelines and how citizenship education is currently... more
Curricular guidelines have become progressively relevant for educating future active citizens. In such a context, it becomes crucial to explore the relationship between the curricular guidelines and how citizenship education is currently acquired by students in Latin American countries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to comparatively evaluate the institutional view of citizenship expressed in each curriculum and students’ attitudes on civic issues. The exploratory factor analysis and curricular descriptive statistical analysis are based in two valuable and complementary sources, respectively: The Latin American module of the International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) and the Regional System of Citizenship Skills (Sredecc). By making a systematic comparison of both sources, this study reveals that several curricular aspects are consistent with students’ citizenship attitudes and beliefs, and suggests some guidelines for improving and expanding citizenship education in Latin America, considering the importance of education for the formation of an active citizenship.
Research Interests: Latin American Studies, Political Participation, Curriculum Studies, Education for Citizenship, Youth Civic Engagement, and 10 moreCivic Engagement, Citizenship, Latin America, Participación ciudadana, Citizenship Education, Global Citizenship Education, School, Latinoamerica, América Latina, and Democracy and Citizenship Education
This article attempts to analyze in depth the ways in which Peruvian migrants inhabit their private space from a material culture approach, through the analysis of both home possessions and food. The material culture of home embodies... more
This article attempts to analyze in depth the ways in which Peruvian migrants inhabit their private space from a material culture approach, through the analysis of both home possessions and food. The material culture of home embodies both their experiences and migrant trajectory, and the process of integration into the host society, representing the continuum process of adjustment that they face in cultural, social and material terms. The results show that the ways in which migrants inhabit their homes are related to their processes of settling down,since through the material culture, the belonging to their two worlds, the one they came from and the one they settled into, is daily negotiated, generating the ambivalence of being here and there simultaneously. Their homes become transnational, where emerges a cultural syncretism between two worlds that coexist: Peru is symbolized by photography and food, both of which allow the reproduction of their belonging and cultural identity, and Chile is represented by technological artifacts, which embody their sacrificing labour and courage, and allow them to feel part of the host society.
Research Interests: Cultural Studies, Material Culture Studies, Transnationalism, Migration, Identity (Culture), and 24 moreCultural Identity, Chile, Migration Studies, Diaspora Studies, Transnational migration, Diversity & Inclusion, Social Inclusion, Diaspora and transnationalism, Material Culture, Home, Cultural Identity and Ethnicity, Identity, Belonging, Home, Belonging and Displacement, Peruvian Migration, Identidad, Sense of belonging, Cultura Material, Integration, Migraciones Internacionales, Public and private spaces, Migración, Home-Making, and Private Space
Research Interests: Sociology, Gender Studies, Multiculturalism, Race and Racism, Race and Ethnicity, and 15 moreUrban Studies, Housing, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Racism, Chile, Racialization, Social Inequality, Racismo y discriminación, Etnicidad, Raza y nación, Cultural racism, Racismo Estrutural, Raza Y Etnicidad, Raza y Racismo, and Springer Ebooks
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social interactions and coexistence around the globe in dimensions that go far beyond health issues. In the case of the Global South, the pandemic has developed along with growing South-South migratory... more
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social interactions and coexistence around the globe in dimensions that go far beyond health issues. In the case of the Global South, the pandemic has developed along with growing South-South migratory movements, becoming another key factor that might reinforce social conflict in increasingly multicultural areas as migrants have historically served as “scapegoats” for unexpected crises as a way to control and manage diversity. Chile is one of the main destination countries for migrants from the Latin American and Caribbean region, and COVID-19 outbreaks in migrant housing have intensified discrimination. In such a context, there is a need for understanding how the pandemic has potentially changed the way non-migrants perceive and interact with migrant neighbors. Drawing on the national social cohesion panel survey study ELSOC (2016–2021, N = 2,927) the aim is to analyze the changes in non-migrants' attitudes toward migrants—related to dimension...
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Desde tiempos históricos hasta la actualidad, una mirada al aporte cultural de la migración.Área de Historia del Arte, UPOVersión del edito
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Notions of ‘race’ and disease are deeply imbricated across the globe. This article explores the historical, complex entanglements between ‘race’, disease, and dirtiness in the multicultural Chilean context of Covid-19. We conducted a... more
Notions of ‘race’ and disease are deeply imbricated across the globe. This article explores the historical, complex entanglements between ‘race’, disease, and dirtiness in the multicultural Chilean context of Covid-19. We conducted a quantitative content analysis and a discourse analysis of online readers’ comments (n = 1233) in a digital news platform surrounding a controversial news event to examine Chileans’ cultural representations of Haitian migrants and explore online racism and anti-immigrant discourse. Drawing on a decolonial approach, we argue that Covid-19 as a crisis has been fabricated at the expense of a constructed ‘other’. We show how colonial racist logics not only endure in digital spaces, but are made viral in new ways by representing Haitian migrants as ‘filthy’ and ‘disease carriers’. We identified two contemporary forms of racism – online cultural racism and online aggressive racism – through which people construct imaginaries of racial superiority in digital sp...
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En el contexto de la creciente migración Sur-Sur a Chile, este artículo examina cómo los/as chilenos/as redefinen y reivindican la blanquitud en un barrio de clase trabajadora multicultural de Santiago. Contribuye a los estudios raciales... more
En el contexto de la creciente migración Sur-Sur a Chile, este artículo examina cómo los/as chilenos/as redefinen y reivindican la blanquitud en un barrio de clase trabajadora multicultural de Santiago. Contribuye a los estudios raciales regionales analizando cómo se construye la blanquitud en barrios multiculturales donde convergen distintas identidades nacionales y racializadas que comparten un pasado colonial, y donde el estado-nación ha perseguido históricamente un blanqueamiento progresivo mediante políticas estatales racistas. Basándome en un trabajo de campo etnográfico, revelo cómo los/as chilenos/as construyen una identidad racial blanca frente a la presencia de personas migrantes latinoamericanasy caribeñas a través de sus interacciones cotidianas. Como sucede en otros lugares, en el Chile contemporáneo la blanquitud es una construcción social cotidiana que no sólo se transmite como un discurso, sino también a través de la práctica o la performance del poder en las texturas sociales de la vida urbana. Construir y performar la blanquitud se convierte en una forma de materializar las jerarquías raciales de pertenencia para lograr un estatus superior en una sociedad racializada y desigual. Este estudio revela cómo los chilenos afirman ser “blancos” o “más blancos” en contraste con las personas migrantes de América Latina y el Caribe con las que interactúan, reproduciendo el discurso chileno hegemónico sobre la identidad nacional a través de múltiples prácticas en la vida cotidiana. El argumento principal de este artículo es que construir o performar blanquitud, a través de estas prácticas cotidianas, reproduce el racismo antiindígena y antinegro.
Research Interests: Race and Racism, Migration, Race and Ethnicity, Nationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies, and 10 moreNational Identity, International Migration, Everyday Racism, Whiteness, Latinoamerica, Language Culture and Communication, Decolonialidad, Ethnicity and National Identity, Anti-Blackness, and Belonging and Citizenship
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Chapter authors: Tsibolane, O.; Albornoz, M.B.; Arriagada, A.; Putri, T.; Van Belle, J.; Chavez, H.; Heeks, R.; Howson, K.; Bonhomme, M.; Leyton, J.; Ibáñez, F.; Bezuidenhout, L.; Graham, M.
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This thesis explores how 'race' is made at the national and local level in multicultural postcolonial Chile. Furthermore, it examines how Latin American and Caribbean migrants negotiate both state and everyday racisms, navigating... more
This thesis explores how 'race' is made at the national and local level in multicultural postcolonial Chile. Furthermore, it examines how Latin American and Caribbean migrants negotiate both state and everyday racisms, navigating boundaries of belonging at the urban margins. Racist state politics have not only been embedded since colonial times and the foundations of the Chilean nation-state by the systematic denial of the presence and rights of Afro-Chileans and indigenous communities, but are reinforced by immigration policies that have created exclusionary boundaries against the colonial 'non-white' 'other,' especially Afro-descendants. Drawing on a 17-month ethnography, 70 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with migrants and Chileans between 2015 and 2018, this thesis deconstructs contemporary racism in Latin America amid growing South-South migration, uncovering multiple interplaying factors. I show how immigration policies have impacted migrants' lives, ranking them into racial hierarchies of belonging that are reproduced and materialised in the neighbourhood, even reinforcing everyday racisms. It reveals that contemporary racism emerges from a complex entanglement between 'old racisms' of biological heredity and cultural racisms. Foremost, it exposes how racism and the process of 'othering' operates at different levels across society. Both Chileans and migrants redefine their 'racial' identities and constantly assert their 'whiteness' in different ways. Racial formations and colonial representations of 'indigeneity' and 'African-ness' are redefined and racisms are reproduced in new instantiations amid the struggle for resources. This thesis contributes empirically and theoretically to migration, racial, and de- and post-colonial studies in Latin America, transcending both the nationally-bounded and biologically-grounded ideas on how racism operates. While Chileans produce difference to assert a superior status by making migrants feel like 'space invaders,' migrants, especially former migrants, produc [...]
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Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America. In such a context, new distinctions and racial formations have emerged, establishing different forms of social exclusion and racism that are performed in the... more
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America. In such a context, new distinctions and racial formations have emerged, establishing different forms of social exclusion and racism that are performed in the everyday interaction and socio-cultural practices that take place in residential neighbourhoods. This research is based on one of the most multicultural boroughs in Santiago, Recoleta, historically located in a territory called ‘La Chimba.’ The aim is to examine the intercultural coexistence in increasingly multicultural neighbourhoods in the context of South-South migration, in order to discuss the emerging social conflict, understanding how housing policies and limited access to decent housing by migrants reproduce everyday racism. Drawing on a larger research project that consisted in a 17-month ethnography, 70 in-depth interviews and two focus groups with migrants and Chileans between 2015 and 2018, this article shows and discusses how public spa...
Research Interests: Sociology, Race and Racism, Migration, Race and Ethnicity, Urban Studies, and 15 moreHousing, International Migration, Housing Policies, Racismo y discriminación, Migrations, Migraciones, Etnografía, Race Ethnicity, Social Conflict, Ethnicity and National Identity, Sociology of Race and Racism, Sociology of Race, Sociología Urbana, Sociology of Ethnicity and Race, and Sociology of Race Relations
Resumen La industria de la construcción ha experimentado en las últimas décadas importantes cambios a nivel de gestión del trabajo, condiciones laborales y composición de la fuerza de trabajo, destacando la creciente participación de... more
Resumen La industria de la construcción ha experimentado en las últimas décadas importantes cambios a nivel de gestión del trabajo, condiciones laborales y composición de la fuerza de trabajo, destacando la creciente participación de trabajadores migrantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la relación entre la subcontratación en cuanto modelo de gestión, las condiciones laborales que devienen del tipo de contrato usualmente utilizado y la presencia de migrantes en las obras. Sostendremos que estos tres elementos, están estrechamente vinculados entre sí, determinando altos grados de precariedad en quienes trabajan en los últimos eslabones de la cadena de subcontratación. A partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas realizadas en Santiago, Iquique y Antofagasta y observaciones participantes en obras en Santiago, este estudio revela que existe una relación entre la precariedad en las condiciones laborales y la creciente inclusión de trabajadores migrantes,...
Research Interests: Industrial And Labor Relations, Latin American Studies, Irregular Migration, Labor Migration, Construction, and 15 moreInternational Migration, Chile, Contemporary International Migration, International Migration and Immigration Policy, Migrant workers, Migraciones, Inmigracion, Labour migration, Migraciones Internacionales, Inmigración, Latinoamerica, Migration and undocumented migrants, Migración, Migraciones y mercados laborales, and Latinamerican Migration
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To what extent does social origin impact the disposition of students toward becoming politically involved in their future adult life? Using Chilean data from Civic Education Study, 1999 (N = 5688), and International Civic and Citizenship... more
To what extent does social origin impact the disposition of students toward becoming politically involved in their future adult life? Using Chilean data from Civic Education Study, 1999 (N = 5688), and International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, 2009 (N = 5192), the present research analyzes, on the one hand, the impact of socioeconomic variables on attitudes toward future political participation and, on the other hand, explores to what extent the association between social origin and participation has changed over time. The analysis is performed in a multilevel framework, to account for both family socioeconomic status and individual school characteristics. The results support the hypothesis that social origin continues to have a strong influence on students’ attitudes toward political participation, in the context of the two measurement points. The resulting discussion focuses on the role of schools in reducing socioeconomic differences, an issue that acquires additional ...
Research Interests: Political Participation, Youth Studies, Political Psychology, Social Justice, Social Exclusion, and 9 moreChile, Young People, Youth Political Participation, Citizenship, Social Inequality, Income inequality, Democracy and Citizenship Education, Impact of Income Inequality, and Inequality and political representation
The series IBE Working Papers on Curriculum Issues is intended to share interim results of ongoing research and to increase access to a range of unpublished documents, reports and exploratory studies produced at UNESCO-IBE, by IBE... more
The series IBE Working Papers on Curriculum Issues is intended to share interim results of ongoing research and to increase access to a range of unpublished documents, reports and exploratory studies produced at UNESCO-IBE, by IBE partners or members of the IBE network on curriculum development. These Working Papers are disseminated to a wide audience of both academic and non-academic people and institutions for purposes of information and discussion. They have been approved for circulation by UNESCO-IBE but typically have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Therefore, feedback on these documents is warmly encouraged. The opinions and findings expressed in the Working Papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO-IBE or their sponsoring institutions. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO-IBE concerning the legal status of any country, ter...
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The aim of this study is to contrast two different sources of information regarding citizenship education in Latin America: curricular guidelines, and students' civic attitudes and practices. When analyzing curricular guidelines, we... more
The aim of this study is to contrast two different sources of information regarding citizenship education in Latin America: curricular guidelines, and students' civic attitudes and practices. When analyzing curricular guidelines, we consider the official national documents of the respective Ministries of Education, whereas regarding civic practices and attitudes, we analyze the results of the 2009 ICCS study. By using quantitative methods, we contrast the curricular emphasis and students' results for each of the six countries considered. Our findings show that several curricular absences are associated with students' low achievement in civic and citizenship knowledge and attitudes. Therefore, these results provide some guidelines for improving the official curricular documents and developing more empirical research on less-covered civic topics. Finally we encourage further research on classroom practices, especially on the topics highlighted in this research, such as aut...
This panel brings together scholars whose work seeks to tame platform capitalism understanding how the lives of platform workers are affected by digital platforms. Research on platform labor has been mostly done in the global north, as... more
This panel brings together scholars whose work seeks to tame platform capitalism understanding how the lives of platform workers are affected by digital platforms. Research on platform labor has been mostly done in the global north, as well as in relation to global platforms like Uber or Amazon (Rosenblat 2019; Scholz 2016). Thus, the panelists, moreover, explore how the lives of platform workers can be improved within the global platform economy by analyzing workers’ subjectivities in relation to platforms and the impact of technologies in job quality. To achieve this, this panel brings together scholars from global north and south countries that will map the complexities and subjectivities of platform workers in order to tame platform capitalism. We present a set of articles that address: (1) regulatory resistance that clarifies and redefines the rules that platforms need to abide by; (2) bottom-up resistance of platform workers who seek to organize, subvert, and build alternative...
América Latina ha estado en el centro de los recientes debates sobre las condiciones precarias e injustas de los trabajadores en la economía de las plataformas. Actualmente, el proyecto Fairwork está presente en cinco países... more
América Latina ha estado en el centro de los recientes debates sobre las condiciones precarias e injustas de los trabajadores en la economía de las plataformas. Actualmente, el proyecto Fairwork está presente en cinco países latinoamericanos: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Brasil. Este informe sobre las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores de plataforma en Chile presenta la segunda serie de calificaciones de Fairwork para la región (la primera correspondió a Ecuador). Siete de las plataformas más destacadas del país -Uber, Uber Eats, Cabify, Rappi, Pedidos Ya y DiDi- fueron evaluadas con respecto a los cinco principios globales de Fairwork.
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Resumen Chile es uno de los países con mayores flujos migratorios provenientes de América Latina y el Caribe. Este artículo explora la convivencia social en barrios residenciales en el contexto migratorio Sur-Sur, con el fin de examinar... more
Resumen
Chile es uno de los países con mayores flujos migratorios provenientes de América Latina y el Caribe. Este artículo explora la convivencia social en barrios residenciales en el contexto migratorio Sur-Sur, con el fin de examinar los múltiples factores que operan detrás del conflicto social emergente entre migrantes y chilenos. La creciente llegada de migrantes a Santiago ha reforzado el racismo y la racialización del espacio urbano a través de interacciones y prácticas sociales que tienen lugar en barrios residenciales. Basado en un proyecto de investigación más amplio, que consistió en una etnografía de 17 meses entre 2015 y 2018 en uno de los barrios más multiculturales de Santiago, este artículo contribuye a desentrañar los racismos contemporáneos y los procesos de racialización que emergen, considerando el rol que juegan las políticas habitacionales y el mercado de la vivienda en la convivencia intercultural y el conflicto social emergente. Sostengo que la precariedad habitacional en la que los(as) migrantes se ven forzados a vivir repercute en la reproducción del racismo y en la construcción de jerarquías raciales de pertenencia que desafían cotidianamente el “derecho a la ciudad” de los/as migrantes, especialmente afrodescendientes, y profundizan su exclusión.
Palabras claves: migración; racismo; vivienda; conflicto social; interacción cultural.
Abstract
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America and the Caribbean. The aim of this article is to explore social coexistence in residential neighborhoods in the context of South-South migration, in order to examine the multiple factors at play behind the emerging social conflict between migrants and Chileans. The growing arrival of migrants to Santiago has reinforced racism and the racialization of the urban space through social interactions and practices that take place in residential neighborhoods. Drawing on a larger research project that consisted in a 17-month ethnography between 2015 and 2018 in one of the most multicultural neighborhoods of Santiago, this article contributes to unravel racism and the emerging processes of racialization, considering the role that the politics of housing and the housing market play in the intercultural coexistence and the emergent conflict. I argue that the precarious housing conditions in which migrants are forced to live have an impact on the reproduction of racism and the construction of racial hierarchies of belonging that challenge migrants' "right to the city," especially Afro-descendants, deepening their exclusion.
Keywords: migration; racism; housing; social conflict; Cultural interaction; migration; racism.
Resumo
O Chile é um dos países com os maiores fluxos migratórios da América Latina e do Caribe. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a coexistência social em bairros residenciais no contexto da migração Sul-Sul, a fim de examinar os múltiplos fatores que operam por trás do conflito social emergente entre migrantes e chilenos. A crescente chegada de migrantes a Santiago reforçou o racismo e a racialização do espaço urbano através de interações e práticas sociais que ocorrem em bairros residenciais. Baseado em um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo que consistiu principalmente em uma etnografia de 17 meses entre 2015 e 2018 em um dos bairros mais multiculturais de Santiago, este artigo contribui para desvendar o racismo contemporâneo e os processos de racialização emergentes, considerando o papel que ases políticas habitacionais e o mercado de habitação desempenham na coexistência intercultural e no conflito emergente. Mantenho que a precariedade da moradia na qual os migrantes são forçados a viver tem repercussões na reprodução do racismo e na construção de hierarquias raciais de pertencimento que diariamente desafiam o "direito à cidade" dos migrantes, especialmente os de ascendência africana, aprofundando sua exclusão.
Palavras-chave: migração; racismo; habitação; conflito social; interação cultural.
Abstrait
Le Chili est l'un des pays où les flux migratoires en provenance d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes sont les plus importants. L'objectif de cet article est d'explorer la coexistence sociale dans les quartiers résidentiels dans le contexte de la migration Sud-Sud, afin d'examiner les multiples facteurs qui opèrent derrière le conflit social émergent entre les migrants et les Chiliens. L'arrivée croissante de migrants à Santiago a renforcé le racisme et la racialisation de l'espace urbain à travers les interactions et les pratiques sociales qui ont lieu dans les quartiers résidentiels. Basé sur un projet de recherche plus large qui a consisté principalement en une ethnographie de 17 mois entre 2015 et 2018 dans l'un des quartiers les plus multiculturels de Santiago, cet article contribue à démêler le racisme contemporain et les processus de racialisation émergents, en considérant le rôle que les politiques de logement et le marché du logement jouent dans la coexistence interculturelle et le conflit émergent. Je soutiens que la précarité des logements dans lesquels les migrants sont contraints de vivre a des répercussions sur la reproduction du racisme et sur la construction de hiérarchies raciales d'appartenance qui remettent quotidiennement en cause le "droit à la ville" des migrants, en particulier ceux d'origine africaine, aggravant leur exclusion.
Mots-clés : migration; racisme; logement; conflit social; Interaction culturelle.
Chile es uno de los países con mayores flujos migratorios provenientes de América Latina y el Caribe. Este artículo explora la convivencia social en barrios residenciales en el contexto migratorio Sur-Sur, con el fin de examinar los múltiples factores que operan detrás del conflicto social emergente entre migrantes y chilenos. La creciente llegada de migrantes a Santiago ha reforzado el racismo y la racialización del espacio urbano a través de interacciones y prácticas sociales que tienen lugar en barrios residenciales. Basado en un proyecto de investigación más amplio, que consistió en una etnografía de 17 meses entre 2015 y 2018 en uno de los barrios más multiculturales de Santiago, este artículo contribuye a desentrañar los racismos contemporáneos y los procesos de racialización que emergen, considerando el rol que juegan las políticas habitacionales y el mercado de la vivienda en la convivencia intercultural y el conflicto social emergente. Sostengo que la precariedad habitacional en la que los(as) migrantes se ven forzados a vivir repercute en la reproducción del racismo y en la construcción de jerarquías raciales de pertenencia que desafían cotidianamente el “derecho a la ciudad” de los/as migrantes, especialmente afrodescendientes, y profundizan su exclusión.
Palabras claves: migración; racismo; vivienda; conflicto social; interacción cultural.
Abstract
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America and the Caribbean. The aim of this article is to explore social coexistence in residential neighborhoods in the context of South-South migration, in order to examine the multiple factors at play behind the emerging social conflict between migrants and Chileans. The growing arrival of migrants to Santiago has reinforced racism and the racialization of the urban space through social interactions and practices that take place in residential neighborhoods. Drawing on a larger research project that consisted in a 17-month ethnography between 2015 and 2018 in one of the most multicultural neighborhoods of Santiago, this article contributes to unravel racism and the emerging processes of racialization, considering the role that the politics of housing and the housing market play in the intercultural coexistence and the emergent conflict. I argue that the precarious housing conditions in which migrants are forced to live have an impact on the reproduction of racism and the construction of racial hierarchies of belonging that challenge migrants' "right to the city," especially Afro-descendants, deepening their exclusion.
Keywords: migration; racism; housing; social conflict; Cultural interaction; migration; racism.
Resumo
O Chile é um dos países com os maiores fluxos migratórios da América Latina e do Caribe. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a coexistência social em bairros residenciais no contexto da migração Sul-Sul, a fim de examinar os múltiplos fatores que operam por trás do conflito social emergente entre migrantes e chilenos. A crescente chegada de migrantes a Santiago reforçou o racismo e a racialização do espaço urbano através de interações e práticas sociais que ocorrem em bairros residenciais. Baseado em um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo que consistiu principalmente em uma etnografia de 17 meses entre 2015 e 2018 em um dos bairros mais multiculturais de Santiago, este artigo contribui para desvendar o racismo contemporâneo e os processos de racialização emergentes, considerando o papel que ases políticas habitacionais e o mercado de habitação desempenham na coexistência intercultural e no conflito emergente. Mantenho que a precariedade da moradia na qual os migrantes são forçados a viver tem repercussões na reprodução do racismo e na construção de hierarquias raciais de pertencimento que diariamente desafiam o "direito à cidade" dos migrantes, especialmente os de ascendência africana, aprofundando sua exclusão.
Palavras-chave: migração; racismo; habitação; conflito social; interação cultural.
Abstrait
Le Chili est l'un des pays où les flux migratoires en provenance d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes sont les plus importants. L'objectif de cet article est d'explorer la coexistence sociale dans les quartiers résidentiels dans le contexte de la migration Sud-Sud, afin d'examiner les multiples facteurs qui opèrent derrière le conflit social émergent entre les migrants et les Chiliens. L'arrivée croissante de migrants à Santiago a renforcé le racisme et la racialisation de l'espace urbain à travers les interactions et les pratiques sociales qui ont lieu dans les quartiers résidentiels. Basé sur un projet de recherche plus large qui a consisté principalement en une ethnographie de 17 mois entre 2015 et 2018 dans l'un des quartiers les plus multiculturels de Santiago, cet article contribue à démêler le racisme contemporain et les processus de racialisation émergents, en considérant le rôle que les politiques de logement et le marché du logement jouent dans la coexistence interculturelle et le conflit émergent. Je soutiens que la précarité des logements dans lesquels les migrants sont contraints de vivre a des répercussions sur la reproduction du racisme et sur la construction de hiérarchies raciales d'appartenance qui remettent quotidiennement en cause le "droit à la ville" des migrants, en particulier ceux d'origine africaine, aggravant leur exclusion.
Mots-clés : migration; racisme; logement; conflit social; Interaction culturelle.
Research Interests: Migration, Housing, Racism, Conflictos Sociales, Racismo, and 15 moreMigrations, Interacción cultural, Hábitat Y Vivienda, Habitação, Social Conflict, Vivienda, Migración, Conflittualità sociale, Logement, Cultural Interactions, Migração, Racisme, interação cultural, conflito social, and Interaction culturelle.
Resumen. La industria de la construcción ha experimentado en las últimas décadas importantes cambios a nivel de gestión del trabajo, condiciones laborales y composición de la fuerza de trabajo, destacando la creciente participación de... more
Resumen. La industria de la construcción ha experimentado en las últimas décadas importantes cambios a nivel de gestión del trabajo, condiciones laborales y composición de la fuerza de trabajo, destacando la creciente participación de trabajadores migrantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la relación entre la subcontratación en cuanto modelo de gestión, las condiciones laborales que devienen del tipo de contrato usualmente utilizado y la presencia de migrantes en las obras. Sostendremos que estos tres elementos, están estrechamente vinculados entre sí, determinando altos grados de precariedad en quienes trabajan en los últimos eslabones de la cadena de subcontratación. A partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas realizadas en Santiago, Iquique y Antofagasta y observaciones participantes en obras en Santiago, este estudio revela que existe una relación entre la precariedad en las condiciones laborales y la creciente inclusión de trabajadores migrantes, cuya vulnerabilidad resulta conveniente para este modelo económico. Abstract. In recent decades, the construction industry has undergone significant changes in labour management working conditions and workforce composition, with a significant increase on the recruitment of migrant workers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between subcontracting as a management model, the working conditions that prevail within the type of contract commonly used, and the presence of migrants in the construction industry. We argue that these three elements that characterize the construction industry are closely related. Based on a qualitative methodological approach that consisted of interviews conducted in Santiago, Iquique and Antofagasta,
Research Interests: Industrial And Labor Relations, Latin American Studies, Irregular Migration, Labor Migration, Construction, and 23 moreInternational Migration, Chile, Migration Studies, Precarity, Sociology of Migration, Transnational migration, Contemporary International Migration, Transnational Labour Migration, Migration (Sociology), International Migration and Immigration Policy, Migrant workers, Migraciones, Precarious Workers, Inmigracion, Labour migration, Migraciones Internacionales, Inmigración, Latinoamerica, Migration and undocumented migrants, Migración, Precarious work, Migraciones y mercados laborales, and Latinamerican Migration
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Basado en entrevistas etnograficas a cuatro mujeres chilenas que vivieron su exilio en Londres (de las cuales dos decidieron retor-nar), este estudio revela como a traves de la posesion de objetos significativos en el hogar —que... more
Basado en entrevistas etnograficas a cuatro mujeres chilenas que vivieron su exilio en Londres (de las cuales dos decidieron retor-nar), este estudio revela como a traves de la posesion de objetos significativos en el hogar —que transportaron junto a ellas y/o ad-quirieron durante el exilio— se negocian cotidianamente la perte-nencia a dos mundos, el de origen y destino, e incluso mas alla de ellos, reconfigurando sus identidades. Desde un enfoque de cultura material, sostengo que las posesiones significativas del hogar se transforman en patrimonios culturales tangibles de sus experiencias migratorias, por su capacidad de movilizar y transportar memorias y elementos culturales con los cuales se identifican. A su vez, per-miten la apropiacion de sus espacios privados, ya que estos objetos median cotidianamente sus relaciones con la ciudad de destino y origen, materializando sus memorias e identidades. Este capitulo contribuye a comprender como migrantes, a traves de los objetos que se despliegan o se invisibilizan en sus hogares, han convertido una experiencia de desarraigo en múltiples formas de pertenecer.
Research Interests: Material Culture Studies, Transnationalism, Refugee Studies, Diasporas, Migration, and 14 moreIdentity (Culture), National Identity, International Migration, Migration Studies, Return Migration, Diaspora and transnationalism, Identity, Sense of belonging, Refugees and Forced Migration Studies, Chilean Diaspora, Migración, Exilio, Exile Studies, and Belonging and Citizenship
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America and the Caribbean. In such a context, new distinctions and racial formations have emerged, establishing different forms of social exclusion and racism that are... more
Chile is one of the countries with major destination flows from Latin America and the Caribbean. In such a context, new distinctions and racial formations have emerged, establishing different forms of social exclusion and racism that are performed in the everyday interaction and sociocultural practices that take place in residential neighborhoods. This chapter draws on a research based on one of the most multicultural boroughs in Santiago: Recoleta, historically located in a territory called "La Chimba." The aim is to examine contemporary forms of cultural racism in increasingly multicultural neighborhoods, suggesting the need to consider migration and housing policies as key factors for understanding the emergent social conflict. It is argued that the housing precarity in which migrants are forced to live due to restrictive migration policies, the housing market, and the structure of social relations, reproduces everyday cultural racism against Latin American and Caribbean migrants. Drawing on a larger research project that consisted of a 17-month ethnography, 70 in-depth interviews, and two focus groups with migrants and Chileans, this chapter shows how public spaces are racialized through social practices and interactions, and how the making of “race” in urban spaces has an impact on the way in which migrants inhabit urban spaces and negotiate their “right to the city” in the everyday.
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Libro editado por Denisse Sepúlveda y Francisca Ortiz.
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Drawing on a 17-month ethnography in a multicultural neighborhood in Santiago, Chile, and a content analysis of news media coverage, the authors focus on two news pieces about migrants that emerged as relevant by research participants,... more
Drawing on a 17-month ethnography in a multicultural neighborhood in Santiago, Chile, and a content analysis of news media coverage, the authors focus on two news pieces about migrants that emerged as relevant by research participants, examining how the media and the local response framed them. The authors discuss how migrants’ portrayal in the media has contributed to and reinforced racialized and negative representations of certain migratory groups. Furthermore, this chapter explores how it has reinforced and validated the state's racist politics and discourse against those migrants who are considered ‘undesired,’ hindering, at the local level, migrants’ everyday lives in different ways.
Research Interests: Cultural Studies, Ethnic Studies, Media Studies, Television Studies, Race and Racism, and 15 moreRace and Ethnicity, International Migration, Racism, Chile, Media, Migration Studies, Racialization, Racial and ethnic discrimination, Mass media, Etnography, Racismo, Racismo y discriminación, Migración colombiana, Migración Haitiana, and Haitian migration
Chapter authors: Tsibolane, O.; Albornoz, M.B.; Arriagada, A.; Putri, T.; Van Belle, J.; Chavez, H.; Heeks, R.; Howson, K.; Bonhomme, M.; Leyton, J.; Ibáñez, F.; Bezuidenhout, L.; Graham, M.
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Drawing on ethnographic interviews with four Chilean women who lived in exile in London (of whom two decided to return), this study reveals how significant home possessions – transported and/or acquired during the exile – allow them to... more
Drawing on ethnographic interviews with four Chilean women who lived in exile in London (of whom two decided to return), this study reveals how significant home possessions – transported and/or acquired during the exile – allow them to negotiate in the everyday their belonging to two worlds – the one they came from and the one they settled into –, and even beyond them, refurbishing their identities. From a material culture approach, I argue that these home possessions are transformed into tangible cultural heritages of their migratory experiences, by mobilizing and transporting memories and cultural elements with which they identify. In addition, they allow the appropriation of their private spaces, since these objects mediate relations with both the city of origin and the host city, materialising migrants’ identities and memories. This chapter contributes to understand how migrants, through the objects that unfold or remain invisible in their homes, have transmuted an experience of displacement into multiple ways of belonging.
Research Interests: Cultural Studies, Cultural Heritage, Material Culture Studies, Diasporas, Exile, and 15 moreInternational Migration, Chile, Forced Migration, Migration Studies, Diaspora Studies, Sociology of Migration, Transnational migration, Return Migration, Diaspora and transnationalism, Refugees, Refugees and Forced Migration Studies, Memoria, Exile Studies, Exilio Político, and Refugee memory
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La investigación de que damos cuenta en este capítulo trasciende la temática curricular para establecer, como su objeto de análisis e interpretación, la implementación efectiva de las oportunidades de aprendizaje que el currículo define;... more
La investigación de que damos cuenta en este capítulo trasciende la temática curricular para establecer, como su objeto de análisis e interpretación, la implementación efectiva de las oportunidades de aprendizaje que el currículo define; es decir, la pedagogía y la evaluación que ponen en práctica los profesores y la interacción de estos con sus alumnos en el aula, a través de una metodología cualitativa. A partir de una investigación empírica de este núcleo, el capítulo busca responder cómo la educación ciudadana en el presente es puesta en acto, abordando tres amplias preguntas: ¿cuáles son los patrones identificables en las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes?; ¿qué contenidos y habilidades del currículo priorizan estos en sus evaluaciones?; y ¿cuáles son las representaciones de los profesores acerca de la educación ciudadana y las representaciones de los estudiantes acerca de la ciudadanía y participación política?
Research Interests: Chile, Inequality (Economics), Youth Political Participation, Citizenship, Participación ciudadana, and 7 moreCitizenship Education, Educación para el Desarrollo y la Ciudadanía Global, Teaching practice, Participación Política, Inequality and political representation, Formación ciudadana, and Participación Infantil
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Esta columna presenta datos sobre los estándares laborales de siete de las plataformas digitales más conocidas en Chile: Uber, Uber Eats, Cabify, Cornershop, Rappi, Pedidos Ya y DiDi. Ninguna pasa la prueba de un trabajo justo, plantean... more
Esta columna presenta datos sobre los estándares laborales de siete de las plataformas digitales más conocidas en Chile: Uber, Uber Eats, Cabify, Cornershop, Rappi, Pedidos Ya y DiDi. Ninguna pasa la prueba de un trabajo justo, plantean la autora y los autores. La desprotección, el traspaso de costos de la empresa a los trabajadores, y escasas posibilidades de negociación caracterizan esta forma de trabajo precario que se presenta a menudo como una oportunidad de desarrollo flexible y colaborativo.
Esta columna está basada en resultados del primer informe de Fairwork Chile, un trabajo conjunto entre la Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, el Oxford Internet Institute y la Universidad de Cape Town, que explora los estándares laborales y desafíos de la economía de las plataformas en Chile.
Esta columna está basada en resultados del primer informe de Fairwork Chile, un trabajo conjunto entre la Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, el Oxford Internet Institute y la Universidad de Cape Town, que explora los estándares laborales y desafíos de la economía de las plataformas en Chile.
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Para los trabajadores de aplicaciones, especialmente los llamados “shoppers”, el tele-trabajo que supone la cuarentena no es una opción. Son ellos los que constituyen lo que llamamos “la otra primera línea”. En el caso de Chile, el acceso... more
Para los trabajadores de aplicaciones, especialmente los llamados “shoppers”, el tele-trabajo que supone la cuarentena no es una opción. Son ellos los que constituyen lo que llamamos “la otra primera línea”. En el caso de Chile, el acceso a cuarentena es solo para aquellos privilegiados que pueden trabajar desde sus casas —como el privilegio que tenemos los que escribimos este artículo— y quienes descansan mayormente en el trabajo de otros que suplen sus necesidades. A partir de una investigación que estamos realizando desde la Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez junto a Fairwork Foundation, en esta columna queremos relevar las subjetividades y condiciones laborales de quienes trabajan para plataformas digitales como Rappi, Pedidos Ya, Uber Eats, Cornershop, entre otras, muchos de ellos migrantes de América Latina y el Caribe.
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Este articulo busca profundizar en la construcción del espacio privado de migrantes peruanas en Santiago, a través del análisis de las posesiones del hogar y prácticas cotidianas. Los resultados muestran que las formas de habitar el hogar... more
Este articulo busca profundizar en la construcción del espacio privado de migrantes peruanas en Santiago, a través del análisis de las posesiones del hogar y prácticas cotidianas. Los resultados muestran que las formas de habitar el hogar se relacionan con sus procesos de integración, pues a través de la cultura material se negocia cotidianamente la pertenencia a dos mundos, el de origen
y destino, y tanto el ocupante como el hogar en sí mismo se moldean mutuamente. Si bien su entorno material refleja una pertenencia dual, encarnando una memoria e integrando nuevas tecnologías, sus prácticas cotidianas reactualizan sus vínculos originarios y reproducen su cultura, transformando el hogar en un espacio transnacional. De esta manera, en la construcción de hogar ambos mundos cohabitan, permitiéndoles negociar y localizar múltiples pertenencias culturales que posibilitan sus procesos de inserción.
y destino, y tanto el ocupante como el hogar en sí mismo se moldean mutuamente. Si bien su entorno material refleja una pertenencia dual, encarnando una memoria e integrando nuevas tecnologías, sus prácticas cotidianas reactualizan sus vínculos originarios y reproducen su cultura, transformando el hogar en un espacio transnacional. De esta manera, en la construcción de hogar ambos mundos cohabitan, permitiéndoles negociar y localizar múltiples pertenencias culturales que posibilitan sus procesos de inserción.
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Even though we can find numerous literatures on 'race' and racism for the UK or the US contexts, there is an evident lack of racial studies on the Latin American context, and the few research available still needs a more in-depth and... more
Even though we can find numerous literatures on 'race' and racism for the UK or the US contexts, there is an evident lack of racial studies on the Latin American context, and the few research available still needs a more in-depth and challenging discussion. Accordingly, South to South migration becomes an interesting opportunity to understand the complex dynamics of racism and racial formations of Latin American populations. With that purpose in mind, I will critically revise the research on migration and racism in Chile in order to highlight the theoretical gaps and critically discuss the political implications of the current perspectives. I argue the need to rethink a particular way to study ‘race’ and racism in Chile, taking into account that a particular and localised understanding of ‘race’ and racism is crucial, rather than just applying theories of race and racism for the US/UK, as if racism in different contexts were mere ‘variants of the same thing’, as Hall contends (1980).
A large bulk of research have emphasised how ‘race’, rather than been a product of a natural and biological division for humans, is a division that has been socially constructed, and therefore, historically contingent. This particular character of the processes of racialisation makes especially relevant the need to critically review the research available on these issues in Chile, as an important starting point for taking racism seriously and overcome both its current invisibility and the reproduction of the own logics of racism; which I will discuss in this paper.
A large bulk of research have emphasised how ‘race’, rather than been a product of a natural and biological division for humans, is a division that has been socially constructed, and therefore, historically contingent. This particular character of the processes of racialisation makes especially relevant the need to critically review the research available on these issues in Chile, as an important starting point for taking racism seriously and overcome both its current invisibility and the reproduction of the own logics of racism; which I will discuss in this paper.
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This research explores the process of ‘making home’ of exiles and returnees by looking at both home possessions and everyday practices. Making a home implies the continuous process of place-making by inhabiting and shaping the private... more
This research explores the process of ‘making home’ of exiles and returnees by looking at both home possessions and everyday practices. Making a home implies the continuous process of place-making by inhabiting and shaping the private space in order to feel ‘at home’ in the new environment. Ethnographic methods were used to unravel the experiences of Chileans who were exiled in London: those who decided to stay, and those who decided to return to Chile. Based on a material culture approach, the findings show that the participants, through their possessions and practices, materialise and perform not only their memories but also their cultural and political identities in order to settle down. Therefore, the ways in which migrants inhabit their homes reflect their different processes of inclusion and return, since through their home possessions and practices they daily negotiate their belonging to two worlds - the one they came from and the one they settled into. Homes become a transnational space where two worlds coexist in different ways through the construction of multiple cultural belongings. Thus, this paper shows how transnationalism can be a material experience, and how transnational spaces allow for the creation of multiple spaces of belonging, crucial for their processes of inclusion. Making home does not only provide a way for them to express themselves and reconfigure or refurbish their identities, but also to materialize their memories, belongings, social relationships, and foremost, their (re)inclusion into the host society or society of origin.
Research Interests: Material Culture Studies, Refugee Studies, Identity (Culture), Cultural Identity, Exile, and 14 moreChile, Migration Studies, Diaspora Studies, Transnational migration, Return Migration, Diaspora and transnationalism, Material Culture, Home, Belonging and Displacement, Sense of belonging, Cultura Material, Refugees and Forced Migration Studies, Home-Making, Private Space, and Refugee memory
Una vez recuperada la democracia, solo uno de cada cuatro chilenos que vivían en el exilio decidieron regresar a Chile, mientras que tres de cada cuatro optaron por quedarse en otro país que progresivamente se fue convirtiendo en su nuevo... more
Una vez recuperada la democracia, solo uno de cada cuatro chilenos que vivían en el exilio decidieron regresar a Chile, mientras que tres de cada cuatro optaron por quedarse en otro país que progresivamente se fue convirtiendo en su nuevo hogar. Este artículo explora y compara las vidas cotidianas y procesos de inserción, desde un enfoque de cultura material, de dos tipos de mujeres que vivieron su exilio en Inglaterra durante la dictadura de Pinochet: exiliadas retornadas y aquellas que aún residen en Inglaterra. A través de diversos métodos etnográficos se intenta comprender holísticamente el proceso de inserción desde el proceso cotidiano de ‘construcción de hogar’, analizando las posesiones del hogar, prácticas cotidianas y representaciones que tienen de ellas mismas y de las sociedades de origen y destino. Este estudio contribuye a comprender cómo se han apropiado y han transformado sus entornos materiales para insertarse en el país receptor, y a la vez, cómo ha sido el proceso de reinserción de aquellas que retornaron en su país de origen. Los resultados desentrañan cómo las memorias, experiencias y significados de hogar que emergen en el exilio se materializan cotidianamente en sus espacios privados e impactan sus procesos de integración y, a su vez, cómo sus identidades se van reconfigurando en el proceso de (re)construir sus hogares. Desde la experiencia del exilio, construir un hogar no es solo una forma de autoexpresión y materialización de sus identidades, sino también les permite materializar sus memorias, relaciones sociales, sentidos de pertenencia y, por sobre todo, su (re)inserción en la sociedad de origen o receptora.
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[Final version of this paper: Bascopé, Bonhomme, Cox, Castillo & Miranda (2015) Curricular guidelines and citizenship attitudes in Latin American students: A comparative analysis] The aim of this study is to contrast two different... more
[Final version of this paper: Bascopé, Bonhomme, Cox, Castillo & Miranda (2015) Curricular guidelines and citizenship attitudes in Latin American students: A comparative analysis]
The aim of this study is to contrast two different sources of information regarding citizenship education in Latin America: curricular guidelines, and students’ civic attitudes and practices. When analyzing curricular guidelines, it is considered the official national documents of the respective Ministries of Education, whereas regarding civic practices and attitudes, the results of the 2009 ICCS study are analyzed. By using quantitative methods, this study contrasts the curricular emphasis and students’ results for each of the six countries considered. The findings show that several curricular absences are associated with students’ low achievement in civic and citizenship knowledge and attitudes. Therefore, these results provide some guidelines for improving the official curricular documents and developing more empirical research on less-covered civic topics. Further research could analyze classroom practices, especially on the topics highlighted here, such as authoritarianism, peaceful coexistence, national and regional identity, and accountability, in order to have a complete view of civic/civil curricular guidelines and practices, considering the limitations implied by revising the intended curriculum (official documents) rather than the one implemented.
The aim of this study is to contrast two different sources of information regarding citizenship education in Latin America: curricular guidelines, and students’ civic attitudes and practices. When analyzing curricular guidelines, it is considered the official national documents of the respective Ministries of Education, whereas regarding civic practices and attitudes, the results of the 2009 ICCS study are analyzed. By using quantitative methods, this study contrasts the curricular emphasis and students’ results for each of the six countries considered. The findings show that several curricular absences are associated with students’ low achievement in civic and citizenship knowledge and attitudes. Therefore, these results provide some guidelines for improving the official curricular documents and developing more empirical research on less-covered civic topics. Further research could analyze classroom practices, especially on the topics highlighted here, such as authoritarianism, peaceful coexistence, national and regional identity, and accountability, in order to have a complete view of civic/civil curricular guidelines and practices, considering the limitations implied by revising the intended curriculum (official documents) rather than the one implemented.
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This research explores the process of ‘making home’ for Chilean women living in London from two different generations and diverse reasons for migrating: exiles from Pinochet’s dictatorship and women who were born during the dictatorship... more
This research explores the process of ‘making home’ for Chilean women living in London from two different generations and diverse reasons for migrating: exiles from Pinochet’s dictatorship and women who were born during the dictatorship and moved to London more recently. This ethnographic approach of four women’s homes holistically compares and explores this process through home possessions, everyday practices and representations about themselves and the societies to which they ‘belong’. This process involves challenges and inevitable change, since it means a continuous negotiation between adopting new cultural elements from the host country and maintaining elements from the country of origin. This study contributes to a better understanding of how migrants shape their material and cultural environments in order to refashion their identities and settle down. Yet, at the same time, it shows how the migrants themselves are shaped by the material environments they build and the cultural environment of the city, which leads to a process of selective identification with ‘being Chilean’ that is beneath their experiences of migration. Making a home provides not only a way to express themselves and materialize their hybrid identities, but also to materialize their social relationships, their belonging to Chile and above all, their integration into the host society.
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Research Interests: Labor Migration, International Migration, Migration Studies, Contemporary International Migration, Sociología Económica, and 9 moreSociología Del Trabajo, Derecho del trabajo, Migraciones Internacionales, Migración, Migrantes, Migraciones y mercados laborales, Derecho del trabajo y la seguridad social, Gig Economy, and economía de plataformas
Resumen. La industria de la construcción ha experimentado en las últimas décadas importantes cambios a nivel de gestión del trabajo, condiciones laborales y composición de la fuerza de trabajo, destacando la creciente participación de... more
Resumen. La industria de la construcción ha experimentado en las últimas décadas importantes cambios a nivel de gestión del trabajo, condiciones laborales y composición de la fuerza de trabajo, destacando la creciente participación de trabajadores migrantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la relación entre la subcontratación en cuanto modelo de gestión, las condiciones laborales que devienen del tipo de contrato usualmente utilizado y la presencia de migrantes en las obras. Sostendremos que estos tres elementos, están estrechamente vinculados entre sí, determinando altos grados de precariedad en quienes trabajan en los últimos eslabones de la cadena de subcontratación. A partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas realizadas en Santiago, Iquique y Antofagasta y observaciones participantes en obras en Santiago, este estudio revela que existe una relación entre la precariedad en las condiciones laborales y la creciente inclusión de trabajadores migrantes, cuya vulnerabilidad resulta conveniente para este modelo económico. Abstract. In recent decades, the construction industry has undergone significant changes in labour management working conditions and workforce composition, with a significant increase on the recruitment of migrant workers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between subcontracting as a management model, the working conditions that prevail within the type of contract commonly used, and the presence of migrants in the construction industry. We argue that these three elements that characterize the construction industry are closely related. Based on a qualitative methodological approach that consisted of interviews conducted in Santiago, Iquique and Antofagasta,
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The Chilean Congress will finish reviewing a bill that regulates the legal and labour aspects of the so-called “platform work” in the coming days. If the proposed rules are approved, Chile will be one of the first countries to have a... more
The Chilean Congress will finish reviewing a bill that regulates the legal and labour aspects of the so-called “platform work” in the coming days. If the proposed rules are approved, Chile will be one of the first countries to have a legislative answer to the question that has been debated in every corner of the world where this industry has developed: are these services provided under conditions that merit the intervention of labour law? In simple terms, are the thousands of people who work for platform companies workers, in the legal sense? In this policy brief, the Fairwork Chile team analyse how the new law attempts to resolve the problems associated with working conditions in the sector, as well as pointing at some important gaps that may weaken its effectiveness.
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This report on Chile presents the second set of Fairwork ratings for the region, following the 2021 report on Ecuador. For this report, seven of the most prominent platforms in Chile—Uber, Uber Eats, Cabify, Rappi, Pedidos Ya, and... more
This report on Chile presents the second set of Fairwork ratings for the region, following the 2021 report on Ecuador. For this report, seven of the most prominent platforms in Chile—Uber, Uber Eats, Cabify, Rappi, Pedidos Ya, and DiDi—were evaluated against the five global principles of Fairwork.
Overall, our ratings reflect that there is much to be done to ensure fairness in Chile’s emerging platform economy. The results demonstrate the need to gather more, and increase the transparency of, information on this market – its functions, its size, the income generated by its workers, and the labour trajectories of those who are part of it.
Our findings call for urgent regulation that fits the size and relevance of this burgeoning market, and that addresses its particularities. We call on regulators, platforms, workers, and consumers to use this information to rethink the organization and functioning of this market. This is especially relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where unemployment and the economic needs of millions of workers demands a re-imagining of a fairer gig economy for everyone.
This report is the result of a one-year pilot project in Chile. It establishes a baseline on the current situation of the country’s platform economy that will be updated on a yearly basis. By raising awareness of the conditions of gig workers in Chile and across Latin America, Fairwork aims to assist workers, consumers and regulators in making platforms accountable for their practices.
Overall, our ratings reflect that there is much to be done to ensure fairness in Chile’s emerging platform economy. The results demonstrate the need to gather more, and increase the transparency of, information on this market – its functions, its size, the income generated by its workers, and the labour trajectories of those who are part of it.
Our findings call for urgent regulation that fits the size and relevance of this burgeoning market, and that addresses its particularities. We call on regulators, platforms, workers, and consumers to use this information to rethink the organization and functioning of this market. This is especially relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where unemployment and the economic needs of millions of workers demands a re-imagining of a fairer gig economy for everyone.
This report is the result of a one-year pilot project in Chile. It establishes a baseline on the current situation of the country’s platform economy that will be updated on a yearly basis. By raising awareness of the conditions of gig workers in Chile and across Latin America, Fairwork aims to assist workers, consumers and regulators in making platforms accountable for their practices.